Uhlu lwesofthiwe esetshenziswa inzwa eyirimothi

Kunamathuluzi amaningi okucubungula idatha etholwe ngenzwa eyirimothi. Kusukela kuzithombe zesathelayithi kuye kudatha ye-LIDAR, nokho-ke, lesi sihloko sizobonisa isofthiwe ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphatha lolu hlobo lwedatha. Ngaphambi kokuqala nge-software, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha ngokwendlela yazo yokutholwa, noma ngabe ngamasathelayithi asebenzayo/angenzi lutho noma ama-UAV.

Isofthiwe yokucubungula idatha yenzwa esebenzayo/esebenzayo

I-QGIS: I-Quantum GIS iyinkundla ye-GIS yomthombo ovulekile, phakathi neminyaka iye yengeza imisebenzi eminingi ehlukahlukene kanye nokuhambisana nayo ukuze umhlaziyi abe nethuba lokucubungula nokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo. Into ethakazelisayo ngale nkundla ukuthi ingalungiswa ngumsebenzisi, ngaphezu kwe-interface ye-GIS eyisisekelo, kunama-plugin amaningi ahambisana nemisebenzi yomhlaziyi.

Elinye lamathuluzi angasetshenziswa yi- I-Orpheus Toolbox, equkethe ama-geoalgorithms awusizo kakhulu lapho ukhipha idatha esithombeni sesathelayithi, kungaba i-multispectral noma i-radar. Eminye yemisebenzi ongayithola yilena: Ukulinganisa kwe-Radiometric, usekelo lwamamodeli okuphakama kwedijithali, i-algebra yebhendi, ukuhlunga, izinkomba ze-radiometric, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlukanisa, ukutholwa koshintsho.

Ungangeza futhi i- I-plugin ye-Semiautomatic Classification, lapho ezinye izinhlobo zamathuluzi anikezelwe ekucutshungulweni kwangaphambili kwesithombe zinikezwa khona, njengoshintsho ukusuka kunombolo yedijithali ukuya ekukhanyeni. Idatha yengxenye enkulu yezinzwa ezisebenzayo manje isivele ilayishiwe. Ngokuqondene nedatha ye-lidar, ku-Qgis 3 kungenzeka ukuyibona ngeso lengqondo ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi le-LAStools. 

I-ArcGIS: Enye yesofthiwe ephelele kakhulu yokuphatha idatha ye-geospatial. Banohlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweplatifomu ukuze bazuze ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yangempela. Ekukhululweni kwayo kwakamuva kwe-ArcGIS pro, amathuluzi engeziwe okuphatha idatha yesathelayithi -imagery- angeziwe. Iphinde ibe namanye ama-plugin afana ne-“Drone2map” enikwa amandla yi-Pix4D ukuze idale i-2D, imikhiqizo ye-3D evela kudatha ye-drone kanye ne-ESRI SiteScan, eklanyelwe ukwenza imephu ye-drone esekelwe emafini, ingxenye ye-ecosystem ye-ArcGIS, okucutshungulwa ngayo izithombe. I-RGB. 

Izixazululo zika-Esri zokucubungula ulwazi lwe-geospatial zihlala ziphelele futhi ziphumelela, yingakho ithathwa njengomholi embonini ye-geotechnologies.

I-Sopi: I-SoPI (Isoftware Yokucubungula isithombe) isofthiwe eyakhiwe yi-CONAE (Ikhomishini Kazwelonke Yemisebenzi Yemkhathi yase-Argentina). Ngalokhu kungenzeka ukubona ngeso lengqondo, ukucubungula nokuhlaziya idatha yesathelayithi; imahhala ngokuphelele futhi isikhombimsebenzisi sayo kulula ukuyifaka/ukuyilawula. Indawo yayo iyi-2D/3D futhi yakhiwe ngaphansi kwesakhiwo se-Geographic Information System. 

I-ERDAS: Kuyisoftware ekhethekile ekucutshungulweni kwedatha ye-geospatial, enikwa amandla yi-Hexagon Geospatial. ihlanganisa amathuluzi e-GIS, i-photogrammetry, ukusekela nokuhlaziywa kwezithombe ze-optical -multispectral kanye ne-hyperspectral-, i-radar ne-LIDAR. Ngalokhu uyakwazi ukufinyelela ku-2D, i-3D nokubukwa kwemephu (ukuze uthole izethulo ezilula ze-cartographic). Ihlanganisa amathuluzi afana nalawa: ukulinganisa, ukuphathwa kwedatha yevekhtha, ukusetshenziswa kwedatha ye-Google Earth, ukubonwa kwemethadatha.

I-Erdas ibonakala ngokuba inkundla enembayo ephezulu evumela umhlaziyi ukuthi akhiqize kakhudlwana ngokugeleza komsebenzi wabo. Ukuphatha le softhiwe kudinga ulwazi oluthile oluncane ekuzweni okude, nokho, akunzima ukufunda. I-suite yenziwe izinhlobo ezimbili zamalayisense: Imagine Essentials, ezingeni eliyisisekelo, kanye ne-IMAGINE Advantage yabasebenzisi abakhethekile.

NGITHUMELE: I-Envi enye isoftware ekhethekile yokucubungula idatha yenzwa eyikude. Isekelwe ku-IDL (Interactive Data Language), enikeza ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe okuphelele, ukwenza ngokwezifiso izici nemisebenzi ukuze uthole ulwazi oluhle lomsebenzisi.

I-suite inikeza ukuhamba komsebenzi okungahlanganiswa namanye amapulatifomu afana ne-ESRI's ArcGIS. Le softhiwe isekela zonke izinhlobo zezithombe, kokubili kusukela kuzinzwa ezihamba emoyeni namasathelayithi (i-multispectral, i-hyperspectral, i-LIDAR, i-thermal, i-radar nezinye izithombe) Isekela ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwamasethi edatha, okuhlanganisa ukumelwa kwedatha ye-3D, ukuhlola amasignesha e-spectral phakathi kokunye. I-ENVI suite ihlanganisa: ENVI, ENVI ye-ArcGIS, i-ENVI EX, ne-SARScape.

I-PCI Geomatics: I-PCI Geomatics, yenzelwe ukubonwa, ukulungisa, ukucutshungulwa kwezithombe kusuka kuzinzwa zamehlo, ukuthwebula izithombe zasemoyeni, irada noma ama-drones. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bayo be-GDB (Generic Database), ihambisana okungenani nezinhlobo ezingama-200 zamafomethi, ngakho-ke, inamandla okusingatha imiqulu emikhulu yedatha egcinwe kuzinqolobane ezifana ne-Oracle.

Inamamojula akhethekile okucubungula ulwazi. Isibonelo, nge-Orthoengine, ungenza ukulungisa ama-orthocorrections okuzenzakalelayo, ama-mosaics, kanye nokukhiqiza imodeli yokuphakama kwedijithali.

SNAP: I-SNAP (I-Sentinel Application Platform) isofthiwe ye-ESA, ehloselwe ukubonakala, ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili nangemuva kwemikhiqizo yenkundla ye-Sentinel, nakuba ivuma ukubonakala kwezithombe ezivela kwamanye amasathelayithi. 

Uhlelo luhlukaniswe izingxenye noma amabhokisi amathuluzi kuye ngemodeli yesathelayithi. Ibhokisi lamathuluzi ngalinye lifakwe ngokwehlukana (I-Sentinel-1, I-Sentinel-2, I-Sentinel-3, I-SMOS ne-PROBA-V) futhi futhi isekela ukuthi kungenzeka ukumisa uhlelo ukuze lusebenze nePython (SNAPISTA). Iphelele kakhulu, ongangeza ngayo idatha ye-vector efana nama-shapefiles nolwazi oluvela ezinsizeni ze-WMS. Ixhuma ngqo ku- I-Copernicus Open Access Hub ukufinyelela imikhiqizo ye-Sentinel ngokuqondile.

I-gvSIG:  Lena isofthiwe yamahhala esebenzisanayo okuthe ngokuhamba kweminyaka ithuthukise ukusebenzisana phakathi komsebenzisi nohlelo. Ihlinzeka ngokusebenza kokuphathwa kwebhendi, incazelo yama-ROI, izihlungi, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlanganisa, ama-mosaics, ukuguqulwa kwe-multispectral, ukulinganisa amanani okubonisa, ukukhiqizwa kwenkomba, izihlahla zesinqumo noma ama-mosaic ngokusebenzisa isandiso esifakwe ohlelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe ukusekelwa kwedatha ye-lidar ngefomethi. I-LAS, ene-DielmoOpenLidar (isofthiwe yamahhala enelayisensi ye-GNU GPL esekelwe ku-gvSIG), yokwakha amaphrofayili, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nokuphathwa kwamafu wephoyinti.

I-SAGA: I-System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses iwuhlelo lomthombo ovulekile, nakuba imisiwe njenge-GIS, inama-algorithms okucubungula izithombe zesathelayithi njengoba iza nomtapo wezincwadi we-GDAL. Ngayo, imikhiqizo efana nezinkomba zezitshalo, ukuhlanganisa, ukubonwa kwezibalo, nokuhlolwa kwekhava yamafu esigcawini ingakhiqizwa.

I-Google Earth Engine: Nge-Google Earth Engine, umhlaziyi angakwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo idatha ye-geospatial, konke esakhiweni esithuthukiswe emafini. Igcina inani elikhulu lezithombe zesathelayithi futhi ngalezi zingavezwa ngendlela yesikhashana ekushintsheni kwendawo njengoba ihlanganisa nezithombe zomlando. 

Enye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ivumela ukuhlaziywa kwamasethi amakhulu wedatha ngokuhlanganisa ama-API ayo kuJavaScript nePython. Ihlanganisa inani elikhulu lamasethi edatha azo zonke izinhlobo, kusukela kusimo sezulu, indawo yezwe kuye kweyokubalwa kwabantu. Ivumela ukwengeza idatha yomsebenzisi kuwo womabili amafomethi we-raster ne-vector.

Isoftware ye-LIDAR kanye ne-Drone data processing

I-Pix4Dmapper: Isofthiwe egxile endaweni ye-photogrammetric, okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zamaphrojekthi anembe kakhulu. Ngamathuluzi ayo, ungaphatha amafu ephoyinti, amamodeli okuphakama, amameshi e-3D asuka kudatha yenzwa ekude, futhi udale ama-orthomosaics. 

Inokusebenza okuyimpumelelo kakhulu ngesikhathi sokucubungula idatha yangaphambi nangemuva. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo olunembayo, ikhiqiza amamephu ezindawo ukuze kuhlonzwe izindawo ezikhiqizayo. Yamukela izinhlobo ezilandelayo zemikhiqizo inqobo nje uma isekufomethi ye-.JPG noma .TIF: Izithombe ze-RGB, izithombe ze-drone, i-multispectral, i-thermal, izithombe zekhamera engu-360º, amavidiyo noma ukumisa izithombe zekhamera.

I-Global Mapper: Kuyithuluzi elithengekayo elihlanganisa amathuluzi amahle okuphatha idatha yendawo, njengoba lisekela izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafomethi, futhi linikeza ukufinyelela okuqondile kumakhathalogi ahlukene wezithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu njenge-DigitalGlobe. Uma ufuna ukucubungula idatha yohlobo lwe-LIDAR, ungayengeza ngokuqondile ngefomethi ye-LAS ne-LASzip, enguqulweni yayo yakamuva izivinini zokuhlinzeka zithuthukisiwe ukuze unikeze ulwazi olungcono lomsebenzisi. 

I-DroneDeploy: Njenge-Propeller, i-Drone Deploy iwuhlelo lwendawo ye-photogrammetry, ihlanganisa yonke into kusukela esigabeni sokuqala senqubo yokuthwebula ukuya ekutholeni imodeli ye-3D. Ngalokhu kungenzeka: ukulawula ukundiza kwe-UAV (ikakhulukazi i-DJI drones), inamathuluzi okulinganisa njengendawo nevolumu. Ingatholwa mahhala kanye nemikhawulo noma inguqulo egcwele edinga imali yelayisensi. Kuwusizo kakhulu uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa isibalo sezinhlobo zezitshalo, izindawo zezitshalo ezisesimweni sokuqala noma sokugcina, ngaphezu kokuhlola amamephu abonisa izinto eziningi kanye ne-infrared ngaphakathi kwe-DroneDeploy.

I-DroneMapper isofthiwe enikeza izinzuzo ze-GIS, endaweni yokucubungula izithombe ze-photogrammetric. Inezinguqulo ezimbili ngokuya ngezidingo zomhlaziyi, eyodwa imahhala kanti enye ikhokhwa ngaphezulu kwama-euro ayi-160 ngonyaka. Ingenye yesofthiwe engasekelwe efwini lokucubungula idatha, kodwa kunalokho zonke izinqubo zenziwa endaweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhompuyutha kufanele ihlangabezane nezici ezithile zememori ukuze igcine futhi iqhube izinqubo ngendlela efanele. Nge-DroneMapper ungakhiqiza amamodeli we-Digital Elevation kanye ne-Orthomosaics ngefomethi ye-Geotiff. 

I-Agisoft Metashape: Nge-Agisoft Metashape, ngaphambili eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Agisoft Photoscan, umsebenzisi unethuba lokucubungula izithombe, ukukhomba amafu, ukukhiqiza amamodeli aphakeme, noma amamodeli ezindawo zedijithali anemba okukhulu azosetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-GIS. I-interface yayo kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi inokwakheka kwedatha efwini kubasebenzisi abangochwepheshe be-Metashape. Iwuhlelo oludinga ilayisense, olujwayelekile lungaphezu kuka-$170 kanti iPorofessional ingaphezu kuka-$3000. Idla umphakathi we-Agisoft ukuze uthuthukise ama-algorithms lapho idatha icutshungulwa khona.