I-AutoCAD-AutoDesk Ukufundisa CAD / GIS Ubunginiyela Microstation-Bentley

I-OpenFlows - izixazululo eziyi-11 zobunjiniyela be-hydrological, hydraulic and sanitary engineering

Ukuba nezixazululo zokuxazulula izinkinga eziphathelene namanzi akukusha. Kunjalo, ngendlela endala unjiniyela bekumele akwenze ngezindlela eziphindaphindayo ezaziyisicefe futhi ezingahlobene nendawo ye-CAD/GIS. Namuhla, iwele ledijithali lixhuma izinqubo zokuhlaziya kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda nsuku zonke, okuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela ukumodela ukwakhiwa kwalo kodwa nokusebenza.

Ngonyaka odlule ngithole ithuba lokuhlala phansi nozakwethu esengilandele kusukela ngaleso sikhathi eHaestad Methods. Ngibhekise ku-Bob Mankowski, owangihlanganyela kanye no-Benoit Fredericque ngesikhathi somcimbi we-Going Digital Awards e-Singapore. Futhi, sikhuluma ngentuthuko yamawele edijithali yokuqapha, sithinte isihloko sezixazululo zamanzi, senze ukuqhathanisa ukuthi kwakunjani ukumodela ngaphambi kwe-CAD/BIM kanye nalokho okumela ukuphathwa okuhlanganisiwe manje.

Kusukela lapho kwavela lesi sifinyezo, engigcine ngisenza igrafu ukuze ngifingqe amathuluzi akhona okuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu kakhulu, njengezinhlelo eziyinhloko, izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwendawo kanye nokwenza kahle kokusebenza kwamanzi okuphuza, amanzi angcolile kanye nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa amanzi emvula.

A. Izixazululo zendle yesiphepho (I-OpenFlows STORM)

I-STORM yisixazululo esivumela ukuhlaziya kanye nokulingiswa kokuklanywa kwamasistimu endle yamanzi emvula. Inezindlela zobunjiniyela bamanzi ezicini ezifana nokubala ukugeleza kwamanzi, amandla okungena kanye nokugeleza kwamanethiwekhi amapayipi kanye nengqalasizinda yamashaneli. Ihlinzeka ngemisebenzi ezinye izinkundla ezinayo, njenge-HEC-RAS, nomehluko wokuthi lesi yisixazululo esibanzi sochwepheshe, esingagxili ekuhlaziyeni kuphela kodwa nasekuklanyweni ngakho-ke singahlanganiswa nobunjiniyela bemigwaqo kanye nokwakhiwa kwamadolobha ngamathuluzi afana I-OpenRoads noma i-OpenSite.

I-OpenFlow STORM ikhona kulezi zinguqulo ezimbili:

1. I-CivilStorm

2. I-StormCAD.

Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinguqulo ezimbili ukuthi, i-CivilStorm isebenza ngokuzimela noma ku-Microstation / OpenRoads, kuyilapho i-StormCAD isebenza ku-AutoCAD. Zombili zinokusebenza okufanayo, nakuba lezo ezisebenza ku-AutoCAD ziyinguqulo elinganiselwe futhi engaphelele kakhulu ukuze uxhumane nezinye izixazululo ze-Bentley Sytstems.

Nge-STORM, uchwepheshe we-Hydrology uzokwazi ukusebenzisa indlela ephusile yokubala ukugeleza okuphezulu ekwakhiweni kwendle yesiphepho. Ungacacisa idatha ye-Intensity-Duration-Frequency usebenzisa izibalo noma amathebula, bese uhlela ama-isohyets futhi uphinde usebenzise idatha kweminye imiklamo. Isekela inani elingenamkhawulo lezindawo zemigodi engaphansi kanye nama-coefficients C omgodi wokungenisa izihambi ngamunye, ukwazi ukuhlanganisa izindawo ezinikela ngaphandle, ukugeleza okwengeziwe kanye nokugeleza kwensalela ukuze kufanekisele ukugeleza okungekona okwasendaweni okunikela ekuphumeni kunoma iyiphi indawo yokungena. I-StormCAD inikeza izindlela ezimbalwa zokubala isikhathi sokugeleza, okuhlanganisa isivinini sepayipi eligcwele, isivinini esivamile, isivinini esimaphakathi kanye nesisindo sokugcina.

Ukuze uchwepheshe, ngokusebenzisa Indlela Yokucabangela, akwazi ukuxazulula ngaphandle kwezinkinga ithebula le-intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) echazwe ngumsebenzisi, i-Hydro-35, isibalo sethebula le-IDF, i-IDF yejika equation, i-IDF polynomial logarithmic equation. Ukwengeza isikhathi sezindlela zokugxilisa ingqondo: kuchazwe umsebenzisi, u-Carter, u-Eagleson, u-Espey/Winslow, i-Federal Aviation Agency, i-Kerby/Hathaway, i-Kirpich (i-PA ne-TN), ubude nesivinini, i-SCS Lag, i-TR-55 Sheet Flow, TR -55 Shallow Concentrated Flow, TR-55 Channel Flow, Kinematic Wave, Umngane, Bransby-Williams.

Mhlawumbe enye yezinto ezingihlabe umxhwele kakhulu isibalo sezindlela esezivele zisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uchwepheshe we-hydraulics uzokwazi ukwenza ukulingisa okuzinzile, kanye nokuhlaziya umthamo kanye nokuhlaziya amanzi angemuva esebenzisa izindlela zephrofayili. Futhi ngezindlela zokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi ungasebenzisa i-AASHTO, HEC-22, ijika elijwayelekile, eliphelele, elijwayelekile kanye nengcindezi yokulahleka kokugeleza.

Ukwengeza, ukulingiswa kokuchezuka, ukwakheka okuzenzakalelayo okusekelwe kuzithiyo, izindlela zokulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana: Manning, Kutter, Darcy-Weisbach kanye noHazen-Williams.

Mayelana nokusebenzisana, i-STORM inezindlela zokuhlanganisa amamephu angemuva, njengezithombe ze-Bing kanye namanye amapulatifomu e-CAD, GIS kanye nesizindalwazi. Ingakwazi ukuxhumana ne-LandXML, i-MX Drainage, i-DXF, i-DWG, i-Shapefile, idatha ye-MicroDrainage.

B. Izixazululo zezinhlelo ze-hydro-sanitary (GEMS)

Ulayini wakwa-GEMS unalezi zinguqulo ezimbili, ezifana kakhulu ne-STORM:

3. IndleGEMS

4. SewerCAD

Empeleni, angamathuluzi okwenza amasistimu enethiwekhi yamanzi angcolile kanye nendle.

Ngokungafani nalokho okungenziwa ngemisebenzi eyisisekelo njengaleyo ehlinzekwe yi-Civil3D, i-SewerCAD iyisixazululo esikhethekile sezimo eziphelele ezihlanganisa kokubili ukuhlaziywa, ukuklama nokusebenza; ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulinganisa nezindlela zokuhlanganisa kumamodeli okulawula afana ne-SCADA.

Amandla e-SewerCAD mayelana nokuphathwa kwemodeli ukuthi ingakwazi ukusingatha izimo eziningi nezinye izindlela. Ukuqhathanisa kungenziwa, imibiko engenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ingakhiqizwa, kokubili ezingeni lethebula nedatha yendawo, okuhlanganisa nokulawulwa kwe-topological. Le miphumela ingavezwa ngezithombe, ngqo ku-ArcMap noma njengemodeli ye-Bentley Map.

Ochwepheshe be-Hydraulics bazokwazi ukuthola lonke isethi yezibalo ze-St. Venant, kanye ne-EPA-SWMM engacacile futhi ecacile yamamotho ashukumisayo. Kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ukulingisa kwezikhathi ezinwetshiwe futhi nangemodi yesimo esingashintshi. Ukwengeza, kuhlanganisa imisebenzi edidiyelwe yezibalo ze-Storm, i-Culvert, ukuhlanganiswa kwamanethiwekhi namachibi, izingqalasizinda zokumpompa kanye nezokuhlanzeka, okuvame ukwenziwa ngokuhlukana ngokufaka idatha ngokuqondile; ukuphatha ifomethi ehlanganisiwe yamaphrojekthi we-SewerCAD, CivilStorm kanye ne-StormCAD.

Ezinye izixazululo ze-GEMS ezokwakhiwa nokusebenza kwamasistimu enethiwekhi yamanzi okuphuza:

5. AmanziGEMS

6. I-WaterCAD

Imisebenzi iyafana neSewer maqondana nendlela yesistimu yokuthuthukisa, ukuklama, ukulinganisa nokusebenza kwamanethiwekhi aphelele anamathiselwe ezibonisini ze-SCADA, ngenketho yokusebenzisa imingcele ye-APEX ezenzakalelayo.

Ochwepheshe be-Hydraulics bazojabulela ukubona ukuthi izibalo eziphindaphindayo ababevame ukuzenza ngamashidi e-logarithmic kanye nokutolikwa kwegrafu kufakwa lapha ngendlela ezenzakalelayo, kanye nezinqubo zokulinganiswa kwe-Darwin zakho kokubili ukuklama, ukuvuselela kanye nokulawula amanethiwekhi amanzi okuphuza.

Ukusebenzisana kufana kakhulu namanye amapulatifomu, ngokwezwi nezwi zonke izinhlobo zengqalasizinda yohlelo lwamanzi okuphuza zingamodelwa, zikwazi ukusebenzisana nazo zombili i-AutoCAD ne-ArcMap, kuhlanganise ne-HAMMER.

Okufana ne-STORM, SewerGEMS kanye nomsebenzi we-WaterGEMS uzimele wodwa noma kumapulatifomu e-Bentley Systems (Microstation / OpenRoads), kuyilapho i-SewerCAD ne-WaterCAD isebenza ku-AutoCAD. Ukwengeza, ingasebenza ku-ArcGIS.

C. Izixazululo zokumodela idamu (PondPack)

7. Pond Pack

Ekuklanyweni kwezinhlelo zesimanje zasemadolobheni, lapho isimo sendawo singashiwongo kangako, kubalulekile ukuphatha ukuqoqwa kwamanzi noma amadamu agaywa kabusha, njengoba kunesivunguvungu amanzi awanakho ukugeleza kwemvelo ngamandla adonsela phansi abheke emfuleni njengoba kwenzeka kuma-topographies. .

I-PondPack iyisixazululo esikhethekile sokuphathwa kwezinhlelo zedamu elilodwa noma amaningana abamba amanzi, lapho kudingeka khona ukulinganisa ukugeleza okuphezulu, izikhathi zokugcwalisa kanye nokukhipha amanzi ngokusebenzisa izindlela ze-hydrological eziqinisekisa ukuncishiswa kwezingozi zezikhukhula.

Ngokufanayo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa ngegama elifanayo, i-PondPack inenguqulo ezimele, esebenza ku-Microstation nenye ku-AutoCAD.

Ochwepheshe be-Hydrologic noma ochwepheshe be-hydraulic engineering bazokwazi ukumodela imicimbi engenamkhawulo besebenzisa izindlela ezifana ne-SCS yamahora angu-24 uhlobo I, IA, II kanye no-II kumasistimu okusabalalisa amanzi esiphepho kumamodeli afana ne-Midwest US, idatha yesiphepho se-Gauded kanye namajika e-IDF. Ngokufanayo, ezindleleni zokuhlushwa, uCarter, Eagleson, Espey/Winslow, phakathi kwabanye, angasetshenziswa.

D. Izixazululo zezikhukhula (FLOOD)

8. ISIkhukhula

Leli ithuluzi lokubonisa, ukuhlaziya kanye nokunciphisa izingozi zezikhukhula zasemadolobheni, unqenqema lwemifula kanye nezindawo ezisogwini ezinomthelela. Ochwepheshe bokuhlela izindawo bazothola ku-FLOOD isixazululo sazo zombili izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi emadolobheni kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezingqalasizinda ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa kuma-hydraulic kanye ne-hydrology.

Kungenzeka nge-FLOOD ukulingisa izenzakalo ezifana neziphepho, ukugcwala kwenhlabathi, ukwehluleka kwedamu, ukwehluleka kwe-dike, ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokukhipha amanzi, ama-tsunami, ukuphakama kwezinga lolwandle noma izimo ezingavamile zamaza.

I-FLOOD iyisicelo esizimele, kodwa ingasebenzisana namamodeli asetshenzwa ku-SewerGEMS mayelana namanethiwekhi endle. Ungangenisa idatha kusuka kumafomethi e-TIN akhiqizwe ngamathuluzi e-Bentley Systems, ContexCapture; Ingakwazi futhi ukukhiqiza okuphumayo kwe-LumenRT futhi ngokuya ngamafomethi we-raster, i-GDAL isekela i-ARC, i-ADF, namafayela e-TIFF. Amanye amafomethi asekelwayo afaka i-WKT, i-EsriShapefile, i-NASA DTM ne-LumenRT 3D.

E. Izixazululo ze-hydraulic transients (HAMMER)

9. ISANDI

Leli ithuluzi elithile lezinqubo ezibucayi zesistimu ye-hydraulic, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-transients. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlelo zokuxhuma, noma ngabe zintsha noma ziyinhlanganisela namasistimu akhona, kuyadingeka ukulinganisa izimo ezibucayi kungqalasizinda ehlukene exhumene (amathangi, amavalvu, amapayipi, izinjini zomoya, njll.)

I-HAMMER ingakwazi ukwenza imodeli yezimo ezingenamkhawulo nezinye izindlela, ngezihloko zezihloko zemiqondo noma zendawo. Ukuhlaziywa kungaqinisekisa i-node ngayinye, ikwazi ukuhlola izimo ezihlukene zokucindezela, isivinini, izici ze-gravimetric zoketshezi, ukucindezela komhwamuko kanye nezikhathi zokulinganisa.

Uchwepheshe uzokwazi ukuthola izindlela ezizenzakalelayo ezazenziwe ngaphambili ngokuphindaphinda cishe okungapheli kwemisebenzi efana nesando samanzi esimpompayo nesivinini esiguquguqukayo, kanye nezindlela zokungqubuzana kusetshenziswa u-Hazen Williams, u-Darcy Weisbach noma i-Mannings zombili eziqondile nezihlanganisiwe. Futhi mayelana nezilawuli ezinengqondo noma ezisekelwe emthethweni, I-Unsteady - Vitovsky ingasetshenziswa.

F. Izixazululo zezibalo ze-hydraulic (MASTER)

10. I-CurlvertMaster

11.FlowMaster

Lawa ama-hydraulic calculators okwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yezinhlelo zamanzi, okungabandakanyi nje ukuhlaziya imiqondo kuphela kodwa nokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukene, izigaba nezimo zokungena.

Sengiphetha, i-OpenFlows ithembisa ukuba yisixazululo esingcono kakhulu sobunjiniyela bamanzi, ikakhulukazi ngoba ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo ze-CAD/GIS kudlula ezinye izinhlobo zezixazululo ezikhawulelwe ekuqondeni nasekuqondisweni kwazo kumjikelezo ophelele wengqalasizinda.