Izici ezi-6 okufanele uzicabangele ekuhlanganisweni kweRegistry - iCadastre

Ukwenza iCadastre kanye neReal Estate Estate Registry kusebenza ndawonye njengamanje izinselele ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke ezinkambisweni zesimanje zezinhlelo zamalungelo omhlaba.

Inkinga imvamisa iyafana, ize iye ngaphesheya komongo wethu waseSpain. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbono wokukholelwa ukuthi kulula kakhulu, lapho-ke ithemba lokuhleleka kwezinhlaka zezikhungo zesikhungo. Ekugcineni, umuntu olahlekile yisakhamuzi esifuna kuphela ukuthi ukuthengiselana kwakhe kwenziwe ngokushesha futhi ngokuphepha. Iqiniso ukuthi ayikho iresiphi yomlingo yalokhu, ngoba yize kuyindaba yomqondo ovamile, ukuzijwayeza kusikhombisa ukuthi lokhu kungumqondo omncane kakhulu kulabo ababamba iqhaza ochungechungeni lwenqubo yokuthengiselana.

Abantu baswele inkumbulo ngemuva kokuthi inkinobho ihlulekile, futhi kuyadabukisa ukuthi udumo lwempumelelo luthatha izimbongi kunokuba izisetjenziswa zibalwe ngesitayela, ngaphandle kokuziqhenya kepha njengenkambiso elula yentando yeningi yolwazi. Impela, abanye bakwenzile ngamaphutha ambalwa, kepha lapha ngichaza izici ezithile eziyisisekelo zendlela esikwenze ngayo ezweni laseMelika Ephakathi, ezinye zibhekisa ezimemezelweni zeCadastre 2014, lapho kuvela khona indinganiso ye-ISO 19152.

1. Incazelo nokwakhiwa koHlelo kungumgogodla.

Ukufaneleka kohlelo akusamangalisi, ngoba siphila esikhathini sentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza kabusha ngaphakathi kokusobala. Vele asikhulumi ngethuluzi kuphela, kepha imvelo ephelele efaka incazelo yebhizinisi, abalingisi abahlobene, ukwesekwa kwezomthetho, ukumodeliswa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe, ukuphakanyiswa kwezinqubo, ukwenziwa lula kwalezo ezihlobene nabaphathi. indawo nomjikelezo wempilo wethuluzi lobuchwepheshe.

Ngaphandle kwencazelo elungile yemodeli yebhizinisi, cishe noma yiluphi uhlelo lwehluleka. Ngoba ithuluzi liyindlela kuphela.

Endabeni yethu yokufunda, ukugeleza kwenziwa ngendlela elandelayo, ukucacisa ukuthi akuzona izinyathelo ezilandelanayo kodwa cishe ngokufana, okwenziwe ikakhulukazi esikhathini seminyaka emibili:

Kwasungulwa ipulatifomu eyayilungele amaRegistries, omhlaba kanye neCadastre, obonwa njengenye irejista. Lesi yi-Unified System of Amarekhodi (SURE), okuthi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-11, iqhubeke nokusebenza, ngemuva kwezinguquko ezine zikahulumeni -kufaka i-coup d'état-, Ukushintshaniswa kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, izinqumo ezingenasizathu nakho konke amazwe asathuthuka akujwayele. Ihlolwe kuRegistry Circumscription enendawo yamaphasela ayi-160,000, njengamanje isebenza ezifundeni eziyi-16 kwezingama-24 futhi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani ingaqedwanga ngokwesimo sezepolitiki ngoba bekuyithuluzi elisebenzayo labasebenzisi kuRegistry naseCadastre -kusukela wadalwa-.

Ekudalweni kwalesi simiso, izinqubo zeRegistry kanye neCadastre ziphakanyisiwe okokuqala, futhi ngendlela engenandaba, lezo ezingangena emthethweni omusha.

Imodeli yesizinda yeCadastre yiyona I-Coreast Domain Model Model CCDM, okwathi ngo-2003 kwaba yinto engajwayelekile ngemuva kweCadastre 2014 eyayiyinkondlo ngokoqobo. Mhlawumbe lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza uHlelo lwazuza imiklomelo kanye nombono omuhle kakhulu eFIG Workshop eCzechoslovakia.

Igrafu yangaphambilini ikhombisa ukuvumelanisa kwe-Folio Real ku-Unified System of Registries, ngokufaka Ukuthengiselana okuwubuthakathaka obungalingiswanga ku-ISO 19152. Ngesikhathi sayo yayingenawo lawo magama, ngoba i-CCDM yayingeyona neze isiphakamiso; kepha umqondo unjalo. I-CCDM namuhla i-ISO 19152, eyaziwa njenge-LADM.

Yize ithuluzi lobuchwepheshe libonakala kakhulu lapho kukhonjiswa imiphumela, lokhu kufaka ukuhlaziywa kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinqubo ezikhona ezinomlando wazo. Kuyindida, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo kwehlukile kumbhalisi othile kuya komunye; futhi ngoba uma kukhulunywa nge-automation, okungasebenzi ephepheni ngeke kusebenze ngohlelo lwemishini. Futhi ngaphandle kokudicilela phansi phansi, ukuthi kwezinye izimo, kungcono ukuba ngundlovukayiphikiswa kunomxhumanisi; abanye bathi babephoqeleke ngokoqobo ukuthi bashintshe nebhethri lamashifu okwakungelula ukugaya.

Kwakudingeka futhi nokwenza umsebenzi omningi womthetho lapho kwakulula khona ukudala umthetho omusha kunokuguqula lowo okhona. IRegistry incike eNkantolo Ephakeme Yobulungiswa, kuCadastre of Secretariat of the President kanye naseNational Geographic Institute of the Secretariat of Public Works. Kwakudingeka ukuthi kudalwe izindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto ngendlela ejwayelekile, ukuthatha isibonelo esilula, ukuthathelwa impahla ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho kunokungqubuzana khona kweziphikisi nalapho abantu bakhokhela abanikazi abahlukene. Umthetho wavumela ukuthathwa komhlaba egameni lombuso, ngenhloso yokwakha ukwethembana lapho abantu baqhubeka nokukhokha, bathola itayitela labo futhi abanikazi bangaphambilini baya enkantolo ukuyolwa nodaba lwabo. Uma sekuxazululwe, imali ethembeni kuzoba eyanoma ngubani ophumelele ukwahlulelwa.

Yize iminyaka emibili ingalungisanga ukwenza zonke izinto, ngenkathi kufika uhulumeni omusha bekungeke kwenzeke ukubuyela emuva. Amathuluzi ayenziwe ngomshini ukuze kube nzima ukwenza lo msebenzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa uhlelo.

2. Ukushintshwa kwendlela yokubhalisa i-Personal Folio ibe yi-Real Folio

Kulokhu kunezincwadi eziningi, izingxabano nokuphikisa kuye ngokuthi ngubani ukuvikela isikhundla sakho. Esifundweni secala, inqubo ye-Folio Real yayivele ikhona emthethweni kepha ayizange isetshenziswe kanjalo, ngakho-ke isinqumo esikhulu kwaba ukuyeka kancane kancane ukusebenzisa i-Folio Personal.

Njengesiko jikelele, umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili usetshenzisweni yokufaka imibhalo esekela amalungelo epropri. 

Inqubo ye-Folio Personal, igcina inkomba kubanikazi, hhayi entweni, ukuze okokuhlonza kokungena athobele okwenziwayo. Yize kubuzwa kakhulu, ifa abazali bethu abalizuza kogogo nomkhulu bakweleta le ndlela njengesiqinisekiso esingokomthetho, hhayi ngoba bekungcono kakhulu, kepha ngoba lisetshenziswe kahle ngabantu abajwayele ukwenza izinto ngokulandelana, lisebenze kahle kakhulu lilandela izinyathelo umqondo wesethulo, isichasiselo kumthamo wansuku zonke, ukubekelwa eceleni, ukulawula ukusatshalaliswa, ukubhekana ngeziqu kanye neziqu. Ubunzima buqhamuke eqinisweni lokuthi ukuze kusetshenzelwe isethulo bekudingeka ukubheka imininingwane engemuva kweminye imiqulu, lapho umthamo omkhulu wokuthengiselana kwansuku zonke wenza isikhathi sokuphendula sihambe kancane kakhulu; ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuthi ibhalansi ebhalisiwe ibingenakwenzeka ukuyilawula ezimweni ezingasho ukuthi umuntu ngamunye uzenzele yena yedwa, ukulawulwa kwama-homonyms kwakungukuhlanya futhi amacala afana nokuhlalwa kwabantu okungekho okomuntu ngamunye, ama-pro-indivitions kanye nomphakathi wezimpahla kuhlala okungaphezulu Ukholo Lomphakathi. Kumele futhi kucaciswe ukuthi ifolio real ayithobeli izinqubo zesimanje; zombili izindlela ezingasetshenziswanga kahle ziholela emaphutheni alinganayo. Futhi: uma ingasebenzi ephepheni, ayisebenzi kuhlelo olwenziwe ngomshini, uma ingasebenzi ohlelweni oludala, cishe ngeke isebenze entsha.

Inqubo ye-Folio RealNgokuphambene nalokho, ikhomba izakhiwo ezingaphansi kwamapuleti elayisense wokuhlonza, lapho izibambiso, abanikazi, ukuthuthuka, omakhelwane, nezinye izici zempahla zibhekisela khona. Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela ecashuniwe, kubhekiswa kumafoliyo, okuphambene nePersonal Folio lapho umbhalo wawubhalwa njengoba wawunjalo nepheshana likhishwa inyumbazane. Ezingeni le-ISO 19152, impahla yi-Administrative Unit (BA_unit), ekwazi ukusebenza kwi-Personal Folio noma i-Real Folio. Vele, indawo eseFolio Real icishe ilingane nesiqephu se-cadastre futhi inqubo yokuxhumanisa izokwenziwa lula.

3. Ukumiswa kwezinqubo zeCadastre.

Isigaba sesimanje seCadastre besingesihle neze, ikakhulukazi ngoba kuvele ukungqubuzana phakathi kochwepheshe bakanogada abadala ababenolwazi olwanele olusebenzayo nabasha ababazi ngobuchwepheshe kepha bengazazi izisekelo eziningi zomthetho ze-cadastre. Kulungile noma kungalungile, sazi izimbungulu futhi inzuzo yayiphezulu kakhulu.

Inkinga eyodwa ngeCadastre ukuthi inethemba lokuhlala iyisiqhingi esikhethekile esiphelelwa yisikhathi kalula, ngoba asihlanganisiwe nenqubo yokuthengiselana. Ubani ongeke afune ukuthi imidwebo yokubhalisa umhlaba ihlonishwe ngakho konke ukuthengisa, ukudlulisa, ukuhlola, ukuhlela ukusetshenziswa nezinqubo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezindima ezintsha.

Kwakudingeka ukwenza izinguquko kanye nedokhumenti, ngoba ukwethembeka izinto eziningi zashiwo yi abafokazi bezikhokho kepha azange zibhalwe. Impela, lezi yizici ezinqotshwa amazwe amaningi, kepha ngibatshela kuphela ukuthi bathembeke esifundweni sethu, lapho iCadastre iseyinselelo eyinkimbinkimbi. Phakathi kwezinto engizikhumbula kakhulu:

Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-topology eqhubekayo; iziza kanye nempahla yokusetshenziswa komphakathi njengemigwaqo, imifula, amachweba, njll. Abokuqala babenikezwa ukhiye we-cadastral nefayela labo le-cadastral, futhi impahla yomphakathi nayo yayinokhiye we-cadastral ngephepha labo lokuphatha. Lokhu kuyadingeka, ngoba ukungena kwempahla, njengoba kwehlisiwe, kudinga ukuba khona kwazo zonke izindawo zokungena nezindawo zokuphuma; kanye nokulawulwa kokuhlasela okuzayo kwempahla yomphakathi ebhalisiwe.

I-2014 Cadastre: I-CADastre ye-2014 izobonisa isimo esiphelele somthetho sendawo, kufaka phakathi umthetho womphakathi nemingcele.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha ngokukhethekile komthetho.  Amamephu ngaphambi kwesimanje kwakuyimisebenzi yobuciko yangempela, kuzo, ngaphezu kweziqephu, kwakuyizindawo ezisemthethweni, izindawo ezivikelwe, amaphuzu ezindawo, izindawo ezinobungozi, njll. Lokhu kwahlukaniswa kwaba amamephu azimele, okwenza amamephu wamaphasela abukeke elula, kepha efuna ukwenza lula ukwenziwa kwedijithali nokwenza ngokuzenzakalela kwezinqubo zokwenziwa komhlaba.

Lokhu futhi kwadala ukungqubuzana okuthile, njengoba iCadastre yayifana nomdali wakho konke. Yize ibingakwazi nhlobo ukwenza izindima zayo zibe semthethweni, lapho izikhungo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo bezivele zikhona emagatsheni ayo. Ukuhlanganisa i-National Geographic Institute ne-National Cadastre kwakungesona isinyathelo esihlakaniphile futhi, hhayi ngoba singeke senziwe, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi indawo ezungezile yayingakavuthwa ukuthatha i-IGN indima njengenhlangano elawula ukudwetshwa kwemephu; ngalezo zinsuku umqondo we-IDE wawungacacile kangangokuthi wawubonakala ususa amakhono ku-“umenzi omkhulu webalazwe".

I-2014 Cadastre: I-Cadastre yezincwadi izoba into yesikhathi esedlule.

Ihlukanise ukuphakama kokuphakanyiswa kusuka kokubuyekezwa. Ngokushanela iziza futhi namafayili aphakanyiswa, lapho esefakwe ekhompyutheni, isixhumanisi semephu yefayela sasetshenziswa ngendlela yemishini futhi kamuva kwenziwa ukusetshenziswa kweGeoparcela (Spatial_unit) + kokuthintana kwezomthetho nokuphatha (i-Restrictios + Responsabilities + Rights). 

Umdwebo ubaluleke kakhulu kuzinqubo ezinkulu. Akubandakanyi omunye umkhawulo wokusebenza, kepha kufingqa kancane noma okuncane ukucabanga komqondo wokwakhiwa kweFolio Real ngokuxhuma kwayo kuziza zeRegistry Registry.

Lapho nje isixhumanisi semephu yefayela sidaliwe, kulindelwe Ukuzwa Komphakathi, ngemuva kwalokho ifayili lenkambu ladluliselwa efayeleni le-cadastral ukuze noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwenziwe ngesicelo sesondlo se-cadastral. Lokhu kwashiywa kusimo sokukwazi ukwenziwa ngokucela komuntu onentshisekelo, ngokwesikhundla noma ngokwesicelo sabasebenzisi ababhalisiwe (abahloli noma ochwepheshe bakamasipala). Njengamanje, inqubo isivele ine-trust eyakhiwe, enezisekelo ezilungele ukuthunyelwa ku-opharetha wangasese ezingeke zisebenze iCadastre kuphela kepha neRegistry kanye nokuvuselelwa koHlelo.

I-2014 Cadastre izobe ikhululekile kakhulu. Umkhakha womphakathi kanye nomkhakha wangasese uzosebenza ndawonye.

Ishadi lesandulela ngculazi, namuhla livumelaniswa nama-acronyms e-LADM, libonisa indlela izinqubo ezifakwe ngayo ngaphansi kwesistimu yesistimu, ukuze izinyathelo zokuqala babengumfanekiso nje, kodwa lokho kungenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphansi kokusebenza okuqhubekayo.

I-Cadastre 2014: I-cartography ye-cadastral izoba ingxenye yesikhathi esedlule. Imodeli ehlala isikhathi eside!

Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uqaphele, ngilula futhi ngifushane ngenxa yemikhawulo yokubekezela kwabafundi kwi-Intanethi. Kodwa izinto eziningi esazenza zazingalungile. Kuyindida, kepha esinye sezici esasala ngaphandle kwakuyinkinga yentela, ngicabanga ngokuhlukaniswa okunjalo komthetho, ukubeka phambili kakhulu kunokwasemthethweni. Yize amandla okulawula ezindabeni zentela ahlala ezandleni zomuntu, sakuqhubeka nomasipala kusuka emithethweni yabo, ukugwema ukuhlanekezela izindlela iCadastre eyayivele izilingisile. Vele, lokhu kwaholela ezinhlelweni zikamasipala ukuzakhela ama-cadastre modules abo, obekunzima ukuwahlanganisa kuze kube namuhla. 

Ukuhlupheka ngokungafaki imali kusalimaza ngokomnotho; umgomo oyisisekelo wokusimama kwezobuchwepheshe: Uma ungenzi imali, uzofa. Namuhla ukuthi idluliselwa ku-Operator, izibalo ezilula zokubonisana nsuku zonke zibonisa ukuthi bekungaqala kudala ukukhiqiza imali eningi kudala, kepha okungenani ukuguqulwa kwesidingo kwanqotshwa.

Xhumanisa Registry Property neCadastre yisinyathelo esilula kunazo zonke yenza kube njalo... impela, ukube bekulula. Kepha kungcono kunokufuna ukukwenza uzinze ngokwakho.

I-2014 Cadastre izobuyisela izindleko.

4. Ukubhaliswa kwesixhumanisi sokubhalisa - iPadadral Parcel.

Izinqubo zokumaketha njenge-maquila, ukugeleza kokubhalisa kwakulula:

Ukuskena, ukuhlanza kanye nokufakwa kwezindleko zamakhaya, ukuze kutholwe incwadi yedijithali njengomkhiqizo, ipheshana eliphelele lisebenzisa imishini futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukuqhubeka nokwenza izincwadi. Ngaphandle Kwamandla Ommeli / Izigwebo nezinye izindaba eziqhubeke nokusebenza kwi-Personal Folio.

Ikhishwe ezihlalweni ezisebenzayo nokudala amapuleti elayisense. Ngalokhu, kwakukhona uhlobo "lwe-digital folio noma i-folio yangempela ekubunjweni", yona ngokwayo i-folio yangempela (ngenxa yenqubo esetshenzisiwe), kodwa ngokuvumelana nezifiso ezithile zomthetho waseHonduran, kanye nokuqina kwesistimu, i-Folio Real kufanele ixhunywe ku-Cadastre.

Engxenyeni yeCadastre, ucwaningo olukhulu lwaletha amamephu aphrintiwe anemininingwane ehunyushwe ngezithombe noma amafayili esiteshi aphelele namafayela wensimu kwikhabhinethi. Ehhovisi, ama-geoparcels afakwa ngekhompyutha, axhunyaniswa futhi adalwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi anemishini ngaleso sikhathi ne-VBA yeMicrostation Geographics. Igrafu ikhombisa isinyathelo sakamuva empeleni okwakuwukuvela nje kobuchwepheshe ngoba ngo-2003 igobolondo lendawo alizange lisetshenziswe, kepha amamephu ayexhunywe yi-centroid yawo ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-arc-node, kepha yonke inqubo yokubuyekeza yayenziwa . Kamuva kwenziwa ukuthuthelwa kusizinda sedatha nokuphathwa kwedeskithophu ngeBentley Map kwenziwa. Njengamanje ekuthuthukiseni i-plugin yeQgis.

I-2014 Cadastre: Ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwamabalazwe namarekhodi kuzoqedwa.

Lapho okokufaka i-BA_Unit (Ukubhaliswa ku-Real Folio) ne-Spatial_Unit sekukhona, enye inqubo ku-maquila yenza umsebenzi wokuxhumanisa. Benze ukubuyekezwa kusuka kufayela le-cadastral, lapho bekukhuliswe khona ireferensi ye-Personal Folio, uma kuqhathaniswa nezici zendawo, abanikazi, indawo, okuphikisanayo namanye amakhambi ukudala isixhumanisi.

Isithombe esilandelayo sibonisa iqiniso elingokomthetho elixhunyaniswe neqiniso elingokoqobo. Yize kuyisibonelo sendawo esezindaweni zasemadolobheni, inqubo ayilula kangako ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu, bekukwazi ukuxhumeka kuze kufike kuma-51% (Isilinganiso Sasemadolobheni Nasezindaweni Zasemakhaya), isixhumanisi esisele sizokwenziwa ngokufunwa okwenziwayo nangezinqubo zokubizwa ngezihloko ezinomgomo kuleli ... Ikakhulu.

Uhlelo Oluhlanganisiwe Lwamarekhodi, uma isixhumanisi sesidaliwe, sibonisa amaqiniso amabili, nezixwayiso zokungahambi kahle okungenzeka. Ngakho-ke ipuleti lelayisense elingenayo isixhumanisi ku-Cadastre libonisa kuphela ukuqapha okukhulu kwe- "Akufanele kube georeferenced ngokuya komthetho“. Futhi ukuthintana okuvimbela ukusetshenziswa, isizinda noma ukusebenza kwezakhiwo, nakuba lezi zindaba ezimbili ziyindaba elindile... kwenye indatshana, ngoba ubuthakathaka besikhungo wudaba thina ochwepheshe esingaluqondi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ngenqubo yokuxhumanisa bekufanele -Ngisho kancane kancane ngiyavuma- Chaza inqubo yokuqwashisa ezenzakalelayo noma indlela yokulungisa, yokuthi ukungahloniphi kwe-18 akuvinjelwe, kufaka phakathi:

• Ubuhlobo obuningi phakathi kweziqephu namapuleti elayisensi,
• Umehluko wamalungelo amadokhumenti okudluliswa okubhalisiwe okungeziwe,
• Umehluko wezindawo ngenxa yokubonakala okuhlasela endaweni yomphakathi,
• Ukungqubuzana ngokuguquguquka kwiRegistry noma iCadastral ngemuva kokushona kwe-cadastral,
• I-antecedent ayitholakali,
• Impahla egcwele
• Proindiviso yomhlaba,
• Umehluko wamagama wabanikazi noma ukuphinda abaphindaphindiwe,
• njll njll njll.

Kulokhu, kusetshenziswe inqubo esetshenziselwa kabanzi ukusimama kobuchwepheshe: Yabela noma ngubani olimaza kakhulu. Lapho umsebenzisi abona izexwayiso, ubheka ukuthi angazixazulula kanjani; okuphelele, kungenye yemigomo yeRegistry: ukukhangisa.

Konke kwakungcono, kuze kuhlanganiswe neCadastre.

5. Idatha yeCadastre neRegistry ayisoze yafana.

Isinyathelo sokuxhumanisa isikhathi esithile "sokucatshangelwa kwezepolitiki" sashiywa ukuba sisenze futhi kuze kube manje singenye yezinselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi esimweni esiphoqelekile somthetho, okufanele zonke izethulo zidinge ukuxhunyaniswa ne-Cadastral Registry. Lesi sici siyinkimbinkimbi ngandlela-thile, kokubili ngokuvumela kakhulu kodwa futhi nokuba nenkani njengoPope. Ngezansi kunezinye iziqondiso, ngokuvamile okuyizinqubo zokuzijwayeza.

I-Cadastre ne-Registry ndawo ngeke neze ibe yinto efanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwasetshenziswa ifomula lokubekezelela, elibheka indlela yokulinganisa, isimo sasemadolobheni / sasemakhaya ngokuya ngosayizi waso, kulokhu isilinganiso esikhulu esisetshenziswe kuhlolo lwangaphambilini, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esilandelayo. Njengokubekezelelana okuphezulu, kubhekwe u-6% futhi, njengoba ubona, kusetshenziswa ifomula enjengale, indawo incipha isuka ku-6% iye ku-1% njengoba ubukhulu bepulazi bukhula.

Ifomula yafakwa njengenqubo egcinwe ku-database, yokuthi ikhonjiswe ohlelweni ngamandla. Uma indawo yedokhumentari ingekho ngaphakathi kwaleyo banga, khona-ke uhlelo luphakamisa isexwayiso sokwehluka kwendawo.

Ukubhaliswa kwama-cadastral akufani nokurekhoda kwe-topographic.  Uma ngizolinganisa impahla kahlanu, izixhumanisi zayo zizophuma zihluke njalo (ngaphakathi komkhawulo wokubekezelelana). Okusho ukuthi uma izixhumanisi zakho zingaphakathi kwalowo mkhawulo, akudingekile ukuthi ushintshe impahla ye-cadastral; ngalokho, i-LADM ibheka irekhodi lesilinganiso, ama-Survey_class, njengobudlelwano phakathi kweSource_document neSpatial_unit

• Akunakwenzeka ukuphikelela lokho i-notarial protocol kumele bavele njengamagama abantu; Yize umgomo uthi kufanele ucaciswe, siyaqonda ukuthi kulapho kufanele kuboniswane nemephu, kepha uma umbuki wemephu ecace kangangoba akenzi okukhethekile, khona-ke abakhelene nabo bangaba okhiye be-cadastral. Kuzwakala kulula, kepha ukuthola abameli ukuba baqonde kuthatha isikhathi; esethemba ukuthi kuzoxazululwa ngemizuzu yokubhalisa.

Akunakwenzeka ukuqala inqubo, ngaphandle kokulawulwa kahle. isitifiketi sokulinganisa abaqeqeshiwe, izindlela zokulinganisa, ukubekezelelana, amafomethi wesethulo sefayela nezinqubo zokuhlangana phakathi kwedatha eqoqwe ngokunemba okuhlukile. Uma lapho kulinganiswa impahla isidingo sokulungisa indawo yonke kufakazelwa, ngoba ayikhuliswanga kahle noma ngenxa yomehluko wendlela, ngoba i-LADM ibheka iPoint_parcel, lapho kungagwenywa khona ukwahlulelwa kwe-Armagedoni -okwamanje ezayo-.

Isibonelo esilandelayo yisimangalo, asikwazi ukwehluleka. Kwakudingeka ukusho emthethweni ukuthi inhlolovo ye-cadastral izokwenziwa ngokuya ngesimo somzimba, futhi uma kungenzeka kube khona umehluko phakathi kwendawo yedokhumentari nendawo ye-cadastral, futhi isimo semingcele asikashintshi, futhi abukho ubufakazi bezimangalo , futhi ayikho eduze nezindawo zomphakathi, indawo ye-cadastral izonqoba. Kuzwakala kulula kanjani, kepha ukuphoqelela ukuthi imibhalo ekhona kumele iguqulwe enye indaba; ngoba ngomthetho kufanele ngilazi ilungelo elibhaliwe futhi angikwazi ukumemezela okungajwayelekile engikwamukele ngaphansi kwemigomo edlule, ngoba nje imingcele yami iguqukile.

Kubalulekile ukuchaza izindlela zokuhlanzwa kolwazi ezikwenza kube lula ukusungulwa kokujwayelekile kolwazi. Uma umuntu osemthethweni kunguBanco Davivienda, kepha kuzinqubo ezilandelwayo ezibonakala ngamagama ahlukile egatsheni ngalinye, inqubo yokuhlanganisa iyadingeka. Ngendlela efanayo, uma impahla yakhiwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kepha iyafana, ayihlali ekuhlanganisweni kwezakhiwo kepha iyahlanganiswa. Kepha zombili lezi zici kumele zibe semthethweni.

Izinselelo ezinkulu zizohlala zikhona isisetshenziswa sabasebenzi, kulo mkhakha uvame ukumelana noshintsho nokuthi izinto zidinga ukwenziwa ngendlela eyodwa kuphela. Akukho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuzivuselela futhi bashiye izivikelo. Ukushintshana ngezinhloso zezepolitiki kungaba yinzuzo ngisho noma wazi ukuthi kuzoba usongo olukhulu. Ukufika ezingeni lapho kungasetshenziswa khona ukwesekwa kwezomthetho, ukukhipha umsebenzi kuyisono sendawo, inqobo nje uma izintshisekelo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyimfihlo zikhululekile.

I-6 Ekugcineni:

Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, into yale ndatshana ayifuni ukwethula izindlela zokupheka zemilingo. Ikakhulu ngoba iqiniso lesikhungo ezweni ngalinye liyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele, hhayi ngenxa yezici zobuchwepheshe noma zomthetho, kepha kunalokho ngenxa yezikhundla zamandla nokuntuleka kombono weziphathimandla zalo. Kodwa-ke, isibonelo sikhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza izinto ezithokozisayo emazweni omhlaba wesithathu, uma izikhathi zenkazimulo zisetshenziselwa ukubopha izinto ezingaphenduki. Amanye amazwe akwenzile nge-follies encane, abanye bakwenzile izimo ezingcono isikhungo impi ukuhlanganiswa kwangempela. 

Ukubhaliswa kwempahla kusekelwe emqondweni ojwayelekile. Ukuthengiselana ngamalungelo empahla bekulokhu kukhona selokhu umuntu athola ezolimo, futhi wabona ukuthi kungakha ukuhlaliswa kwabantu.

Igrafu ikhombisa indinyana evela ezincwadini zethu zenkolo, lapho kusetshenziswa amagama athi abonakala ekushintshaneni kwe-registry jurisprudence, ngentengo ngayinye ekhokhelwe esikhathini esidlule, ezinhlamvwini zensimbi eziyigugu ezichazwe kubhalansi -yimuphi umbono omuhle kunoma yisiphi isikhulu namuhla-. Akekho owayengabaza isiqiniseko sendawo noma inani lelungelo elibhalwe ku- "Vula ukudluliswa“. Yiqiniso, ukube besifuna ukuxhumanisa i-cadastre kanye nerejista ngalolo suku, sizoba nezinkinga ezifanayo, nomsebenzi ofanayo wokubonisana kwababhemayo bemifino njengathi.

Endabeni yeHonduras, njengamanje uma kubhekwa uhlobo olusha lweSistimu, izinqubo ezilandelwayo zibaluleke kakhulu njengezici ezingafinyelelwanga, ngoba ibhizinisi liyafana, imvelo izoshintsha okungenani, izinqubo zizoshintsha. Emhlabeni wezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe esihlala kuzo, phakathi nesikhathi ngiqala ukubhala i-athikili kanye nosuku lapho weza khona ngenhlanhla ukuyifunda, kunenqubekela phambili entsha kubuchwepheshe obunikela ukuxazulula inkinga yeRegistry-Cadastre, nabonisi abathathu abasha abanikela izinsizakalo. Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bungokufaka kuphela; ibhalansi phakathi kwengcindezi phakathi kokuphakelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokufunwa kwesimanje yizinga elijwayelekile.

Ukuhlanganisa iRegistry neCadastre yisahluko okufanele siqale. Uma kutholwa nje kuphela, futhi kungakaze kuqalwe, kuzoba yinganekwane yesayensi. Kulungile noma kungalungile, uma sekuqale, kuthatha ubuciko obuningi kunesayensi ukukuletha empilweni. Kepha le nqubo inomusa kakhulu, kangangoba ayithathi abantu abambalwa abacacile, ngoba isisombululo sawo wonke amacala silele kwabasebenzi abakhona, abangongoti ezindabeni zabo: I-Registry, i-Land Registry, i-Land Management, i-automation , systematization futhi ... ezinye insangu ugqozi. 🙂

Izinselelo ezintsha ziyeza. Enye ingxenye yendatshana isiseduzane.