Ukusetshenziswa kwemigomo yezingqungquthela kumongo weGeospatial

Omunye izitatimende 6 2014 Cadastral, wakhulela 1995, okuyinto ochwepheshe abaningi International Federation of wemihlaba wazenza yayiyoba cadastre ngonyaka 2014, kwaba "ICadastral Cartography izoba yingxenye yesikhathi esedlule. I- ukulinganisa".

I-Cartography iyindlela endala kakhulu, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ibilokhu isevisi yemizamo ebaluleke kakhulu kumuntu, kuya ngesikhathi: Ukunqoba, Izimpi, Inkolo, Ucwaningo, Ezokuvakasha, Imvelo, njll. Namuhla akulona icala elihlukile kwezinye izikhathi, yize imikhiqizo yokumelwa ihluke ngokuphelele; Phambilini, imephu ibingumsebenzi wobuciko weqiniso ngenxa yezinga lemininingwane nezindleko zokuchazwa kwayo. Izindinganiso kulezi zikhathi bezilinganiselwe ezicini zokubukeka, njengosayizi wezinhlamvu, ukufanekiselwa kolayini, amaphuzu, ukugcwaliswa, iphethini, njll. yize izimiso zesayensi zihlala zicishe zifane esikhathini samanje. Ukulinganiselwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwenze kwadingeka ukuphatha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zedatha, ezikalini ezahlukahlukene.

Namuhla sinezizinda zolwazi, amasistimu wolwazi axhumene nekhompyutha futhi axhumene, ukuze izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeqiniso zimelwe kumodeli yedatha efanayo.

Umfanekiso wesampula yinkomba eyodwa kuphela yinkimbinkimbi yempilo yethu yangempela, isetshenziselwa icala lokuphatha umhlaba:

• Kukhona impahla yokuqala.
• Ku-cusp unikeze ilungelo lenkampani yocingo ukuze isebenzise ukusetshenziswa kwayo iminyaka engu-25.
• Ukwengeza, kukhona umgwaqo, owakhiwe yinkampani enombhoshongo, ongenalo ilungelo kuphela lokuhamba kodwa umthwalo wokutshala imali yamaRandi angu-8,000 kulondlo njalo ngonyaka.
• Indlu yomnikazi isezansi komgwaqo.
• Ngokwengeziwe, kunendawo ebhalwe ophuzi, ubunikazi bayo okuyincwadi yefa ebhalwe ngumnikazi ongasekho. Lokhu kuzothi indodana izoba ngumnikazi wendawo, uma isishadile nendodana yayo izelwe. Uma kungenjalo, impahla kufanele ibe impahla yomphakathi. Indodana ishadile, kepha ithole ukuthi iyinyumba. INkantolo Ephakeme ayikwazi ukuxazulula noma yini maqondana nentando yokukhipha isigwebo, ikakhulukazi manje njengoba unkosikazi wakhe enza ubungqingili futhi engakwazi ukuba nezingane ...

Kusobala ukuthi icala lokugcina ngilibabaze kuphela ukukhumbula ububanzi bezinto ezingenzeka. Ukufika kwenkathi yamakhompiyutha ngokuqinisekile kuyingqophamlando ekuphathweni kolwazi, hhayi kuphela ngoba kunesidingo sokwenza izinhlelo zokuxhumana kwabantu, kepha ngoba intshisekelo yokwabelana ngolwazi ezimweni zomhlaba wonke yenziwa emhlabeni jikelele. Icala le- ISO 19152 kuyisibonelo esicacile sokuthi wonke lawo mathuba ekuphathweni komhlaba ahlelwe kanjani, amakilasi akhona, ama-subclasses kanye nezimfanelo ezichazwe kwimeko ngayinye ekhona.

Ngaphezu kokunikeza ubunzima kuleso sihloko, okufunwa yi-LADM standard (i-ISO 19152) ukusiza isikhungo esiphethe ukuphatha umhlaba ezweni ukuze sifeze indima yaso ejwayelekile, kungakhathalekile ubukhulu bayo, ukuxhumana kwe-registry-Cadastre, njll. Futhi leyo ndima ejwayelekile izohlala i:

• Gcina ubuhlobo bamalungelo omhlaba bubuyekeziwe.
•  Nikeza umphakathi ulwazi mayelana nale registry.

Ngakho ukufanekisa kuyinto umkhuba wesicelo sembalo kuya eminyakeni geospatial.

1. Izinga liyisibopho sebhalansi ye-semantic.

Ubuchule bomuntu bunolaka, ikakhulukazi lapho ukumakethwa kwemiphumela kuncintisana kakhulu, nsuku zonke simangala ngezicelo ezintsha ezincike ekuphathweni kwezindawo zokuhlala. Isidingo sezinga livela ukudala ibhalansi phakathi isipho izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe endaweni yolwazi lwendawo, i-GIS, i-intanethi, umthombo ovulekile, imishini ephezulu yokusebenza futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi isidingo labantu, izikhungo zikahulumeni nezizimele ukusebenzisana nolwazi kahle. Ukuba khona kwalezi zindinganiso kwenza kube semthethweni ukuqashelwa kwemithetho nezinkambiso lapho izinto zangempela zingalingiswa ngaphansi kolimi olufanayo lwe-semantic. Ukuba semthethweni kwamazwe omhlaba kwenhlangano yamazwe omhlaba yokwenza amazinga afanayo (i-ISO) kuvumele namuhla, -esimweni sezwe- ukuthi ukugeleza okusho ukutholwa, ukucutshungulwa, ukuhlaziywa, ukwethulwa nokudluliswa kwedatha yendawo phakathi kwabasebenzisi abahlukene, amasistimu nezindawo kuyenziwa lula. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani ezake zalawula isikhundla sazo ngemikhiqizo noma ngezinsizakalo manje sezifuna ukwenza ukuhambisana namazinga kubonakale.

2. Indima ye-OGC emazingeni e-geospatial.

Endabeni yamazinga we-geospatial, amazinga amaningi e-ISO akhona akhiwa yi- Vula i-Geospatial Consortium I-OGC -ngaphambi kwe-Open GIS Consortium- Ukubamba iqhaza kwiKomidi Lezobuchwepheshe (TC / 211) elibhekele izindaba zomhlaba nezokuma komhlaba, imvamisa kubanga elingu-19000. Izinhlangano ezingama-481 njengamanje zibamba iqhaza ku-OGC, kufaka phakathi izinkampani, izikhungo, nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezihlobene nokuqondiswa kwendawo ye-geospatial. Ngenxa yalesi sibonelo, ukusebenzisana ekusebenziseni kwamanje kobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezwe kuthuthukiswe kakhulu. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ingxenye yokufaneleka kwe-OGC kungenxa yenkambiso yamanje yokwenza intando yeningi yolwazi olugqugquzelwa ngumthombo ovulekile. Yize i-OGC ibinalo lelo gama kusukela ngo-1994, okuyisandulela sayo kungenxa yemizamo yokusimama yohlelo oludala kakhulu lomthombo ovulekile weGeographic Information System: GRASS, ebelokhu ikhona kusukela ngawo-XNUMX. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukubona ukuthi kukhona ifayela le- isimo esingenakuguqulwa zezikhungo zomphakathi, zesifunda nezamazwe omhlaba ukugembula ekusimeni nasekusebenziseni amazinga. Icala le-Land Administration lifakazelwa yimizamo enjenge: INSPIRE, eyamukela i-ISO 19152 njengokukhethekile ekuphathweni komhlaba, iLANDxml.org ngelinye icala, i-European Land Information Service i-EULIS ne-FIG uqobo.

3. Izinselelo zochwepheshe abasha endaweni ye-geospatial.

Ukubaluleka kwamanje kwamazinga kudinga ochwepheshe abasha abaxhunyaniswe nezinkinga ze-geospatial, hhayi kuphela ukwazi kepha ukujula. Ngaphandle kokubamba, ukuhlaziya, ukuphatha noma ukushintshanisa idatha, kumele bazi ukuthi bangafunda kanjani amamodeli, bahumushe imithetho, ama-spaal schemas futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izilimi ezibhalwe ngazo. Inselele akulula. Izindima zendabuko sehlukanisiwe phakathi kwalabo abathumbayo (abahloli bamasosali, abahloli bamazwe), labo abahlaziya (abasebenza ngokuma komhlaba, onjiniyela, izazi zokwakheka komhlaba), labo abakhiqiza okokugcina (abadwebi bamabalazwe, abadwebi bezakhiwo) nalabo abenza izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwedatha (ikhompyutha yesayensi) . Manje yonke imikhakha isihlanganisiwe ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe, okudinga ulimi oluhlanganisiwe lokumodela, yi-UML le.

Kodwa: Mangaki amazinga okufanele siwazi?

Siyazi ukuthi kunengozi yokulahleka ngaphakathi kwemibhalo eminingi, izinkambiso, imithetho kanye nezivumelwano. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amazinga, esikwenza njalo lapho sihlanganisa ungqimba lwe-WMS, i-WFS, kulula ukuthi ochwepheshe bangene kulo mongo kancane kancane.

• Esikhathini sokuqala, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqonda kahle izici eziyinhloko zolimi lwe-UML. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokulandela ukwazi i-CSL (Conceptual Schema Language), okulula ukuyiqonda njengoba ubukhulu bayo buhlelekile ezingeni lokukhishwa komhlaba wangempela. Besilokhu sikwenza kusuka esikoleni esiphakeme, lapho senza amamephu emibono noma amabalazwe engqondo; lokho kuthuthukise amandla ethu okuqonda, ukuhlanganisa, ukukhipha futhi, i-CSL ayilutho oludlula izinga elisetshenziswe kuleyo nsimu.
• Ngemuva kwalokho kuzoba lula kuwe ukwazi imithethonqubo eyinhloko, ikakhulukazi leyo ehlobene ne-schema sakho sendima ngaphakathi komjikelezo wokukhiqiza idatha. Ukubalula ezimbalwa, Spatial (ISO 19107), Temporal (ISO 19108), Quality (ISO 19115), Gazetteer (ISO 19112) neMetadata Schema (ISO 19115).
• Esimweni lwesithathu kufanele baqonde Amathrendi zekhompyutha izakhiwo, ikakhulu inkonzo ngamakhasimende (SOA) okuyinto ngokucacile kuyabonakala ukuthi inqubo kusuka design lomqondo kuya jikelele ezingeni methodological lemininingwane nedatha.

EkuphethweniKuhlanganiswa namazinga topological ngokomongo geospatial izici ukuthi nakuba babe nendima entsha ekuphileni okuyinkimbinkimbi efanele Geosciences, kuthiwa imbangela ukusimama komnotho isicelo zolwazi lwendawo ukuze eyala eziningi nsuku zonke. Ukufunda ukuqonda amamodeli kuzothuthukisa kuphela amathuba ochwepheshe abafuna ukuncintisana esimweni esisha somongo wendawo.