ILeica Airborne CityMapper - isixazululo esithokozisayo sokwenza imephu yedolobha
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi asisoze sayibona iSmartCity eyiqiniso, ngombono wayo omuhle. Kungenzeka ukuthi kunezidingo eziyisisekelo ezimeni zethu kunokucabanga nge-Intanethi Yezinto. Kubandakanya, ukuthi okwenziwa ngabenzi bezixazululo akekho owababuza. Iqiniso ukuthi umjaho wokuzibeka enguqukweni elandelayo yokuthi imboni izosebenza kanjani ngokuzayo ukhona, futhi ayikho enye indlela ngaphandle kokuzama ukuqonda ukuthi izinto ziyaphi.
Yize ekugcineni kwalesi sihloko sizogxila kwikhambi leLeica - isihloko lapho siye saba nesikhathi sokukhuluma sihambisana nethileyi likaPaisa noLaura waseSwitzerland noPedro waseBrazil, ohlakeni lweCongress of the Inter-American Network of Land Registry eBogotá- kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi kuphela esimweni sokuthwebula okungokoqobo, izimbangi ezinkulu ezibambisanayo zithatha imizamo yazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ESRI / AutoDesk ngokusesha kokuhlanganiswa kwezindawo ze-BIM / GIS nesisombululo CityEngine, IBentley / Siemens nge-Twin CityPlanner. Endabeni yeHexagon nethuluzi Leica CityMapper. Ngayinye inezici ezihlukile, kepha zonke zisempini yokuhlanganisa ekugcineni ukuphela kokugeleza okusuka ekubanjweni kwedatha, ukumodeliswa, ukwakhiwa, ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo ngaphansi isikimu Ibanga le-Hub le-3.
Lokhu kugeleza kuye kwahlukaniswa iminyaka eminingi, kodwa kuya kuba nzima ukuhlukanisa ukuhlukana kwabo, ngoba yilokho okuyiyona ndlela efunwa yi-SmartCity, umqondo osalokhu ukwakhiwa kodwa ukuthi yiziphi i-geomatics nezinjinikazi akufanele zibuke amehlo; ngoba ukubonakala kwayo kwedatha, izinqubo kanye nobuchwepheshe kuzokwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.
Kuyi-Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), i-SmartCities ne-Intanethi yezinto
Isisekelo salesi ntuthu ingqondo evamile. Ukuthi okusha kunikela kanjani ekusizeni indlela okwenziwa ngayo imisebenzi yabantu. Injini yesitimu kwakuwumzamo obalulekile wokusheshisa izinqubo, lapho-ke ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaqhubeka kwaze kwatholakala ugesi, futhi kamuva kwenziwa amakhompyutha njengezinto ezisemqoka lapho kusebenza; Lokhu kusungulwa okuthathu kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko ezintathu zezimboni lapho umlando wakamuva wedlule khona.
Njengamanje, izwe libhekene ne-revolution yesine ngokusekelwe kwenkathi ye-digital, ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleka kubo bonke futhi lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuzuzisa umphakathi; ngakho-ke ukwazi ukusebenzisa amapulatifomu yokwabiwa kwemvelo kolwazi (Cloud / BigData), i-intelligence yokufakelwa (i-AI), i-biotechnology nezinzwa ukuthola ulwazi olusheshayo ngezimo, ukuqapha kanye nendawo yezinsiza.
Sisesikhathini lapho bonke ochwepheshe, kusuka kunoma yikuphi umkhakha wabo okhethekile, abangasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe njengabahlanganyeli ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zabo. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nobubanzi kudale ukuguqulwa okubalulekile kwezikhala -njengoba kunjalo ngengqalasizinda- futhi akusona isifiso sabaningi, kepha ukufunwa komongo owakhiwe. Yonke le ntuthuko ifisa ukuvumela lokho okubizwa nge-SmartCities; okuyizimo ezidinga ukuvumelana kokuxhumana phakathi kwabasebenzi, ubuchwepheshe, ukuphathwa kolwazi, nokuzivumelanisa nemvelo.
-Ngiyaqonda, ngabhema eduze nenganekwane yesayensi yama-movie asemuva kokubhujiswa. Kepha woza, kungudaba oluphambili lapho i-geolocation idlala khona indima ebaluleke kakhulu.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza kanye namathuluzi, kuzovumela amazwe nohulumeni ukuba benze izinqumo ezingcono, bakwazi ukukhulisa umnotho wabo nendlela yokuphila, izinto ezikhona ezikhathini zizosetshenziselwa ukwakha umjikelezo wolwazi olungapheli, ukuze okubizwa ngokuthi IoT (Inthanethi yezinto).
Izibonelo ezithakazelisayo engizibonele ngabanye nge-SmartCity yiSingapore, ezithole iziqu njengenye yemizi ehlakaniphile kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ezibonakala ngokuba nezikhala ezinembile, ngomzamo wokusebenzisa nokugcinwa njalo ekuqapha nokuqapha ngokusebenzisa eziningi izinzwa, ngaphezu kokuzivocavoca yesikhulumi esilondoloza ngokuqhubekayo idatha etholakalayo, ongenza izinqumo ngokuphathelene nalokho okukhona, ukugcina ukugxila kokusimama kwemvelo nokuhlelekile.
Umbono we-IoT awuphathelene kuphela nokufakwa kwezinzwa ezintweni, noma ukugcina ukuqoqwa kwedatha okusebenzayo futhi okuhlukanisiwe kwethuluzi ngalinye, kepha nokuthi izinsiza nezenzo ezigxile ekusungulweni kwama-SmartCities zixhumene nezinqubo ze imibhalo, ukwakheka, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo - ubunjiniyela - ukwakhiwa kwe-AEC (ngesifinyezo sayo esiNgisini), ukwakha imodeli yolwazi (i-BIM) nezinqubo zokuphathwa kolwazi njenge-GIS, lobu budlelwano yibo obudala inselelo yangempela ekusungulweni kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile.
Ngemuva kokucacisa isidingo sokuxhunyaniswa kwezinqubo ezifana ne-AEC + BIM + GIS, njenge-axis of MANAGEMENT INFORMATION, sifuna ukuhlanganiswa nokufaniswa kwe-3D kwedolobha. Ngakho-ke ukuhlanya ukwenza kube lula nokwenza imodeli esebenzayo eduze nokuthunjwa kolwazi, njengokuthi ungubani umuntu, namarekhodi ngendlela yamawele edijithali ngokubhekiselele ekuphathweni kokusebenza, ezinkambeni ezifana nokujikeleza kokuphila imikhiqizo (PLM).
Isibonelo seLeica Airborne CityMapper
Ukusetshenziswa 3D ubuchwepheshe ekunciphiseni isikhathi kanye nezindleko yokuqoqa ulwazi emkhakheni, futhi nakuba okwamanje imishini wezokwakha yilawo ezincwadini kokuba kanye nokulungiswa uthwebule idatha yokumodela, kumnandi ukuba Hexagon ngu Leica Ama-Geosystems aboniswe njengenye indlela, ukudala inzwa ethatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha ngendlela ezenzakalelayo neyinkimbinkimbi, okubizwa kanjalo I-Leica Airborne CityMapper.
Idatha yokubamba
Imakethe inikeza izinzwa ezivumelaniswa ne-drones yokubanjwa kwesithombe, i-infrared, accelerometers, amamitha okumswakama, izinzwa ezitaladini zokulawula ukuhamba kwezimoto, abafundi bezinhlayiya emvelweni kanye nabanye abamukela ulwazi ngaphakathi kwendawo yomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi ukuzibophezela kukaLeica Geosystems, ekuziphendukeleni kwayo njengendlela yomlando wezobuchwephesha ezikhethekile endaweni yokuthola idatha ekude nokucubungula, kuthatha isinyathelo esibalulekile ngokusungula Iphephile iLeica CityMapper, lokho okuthakazelisayo isebenza njengenzwa ye-hybrid airborne enezici ezifana nalezi:
Ikhamera ye-bidirectional mechanical ne-resolution ye-80 MP ne-Nadir.- Amakhamera amane anomshini onesiqondiso sendiza, i-mini RGB ye-80 MP resolution kanye ne-angle yokujikeleza ye-45º umbono wokuthatha izithombe ze-oblique.
- Uhlelo lwe-Lidar, imvamisa yokuphindaphindiwe ye-700 Hzs, isithwebuli se-oblique samaphethini ahlukene, ama-40 amazinga ensimu yombono, ukuhlaziywa kwe-wave kanye nezimfanelo ngesikhathi sangempela.
Yenzelwe ukusebenza kwemephu yamadolobha nemodeli yawo yasemadolobheni, okungukuthi, idlulela ngaphezu kwe-geolocation kuphela yezakhi, ingadala ama-orthophotos, amafu wephuzu, amamodeli we-DEM ne-3D; Ngakho-ke iHexagon enalenzwa ifuna ukuhlinzekela umugqa wayo ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthuthukiswa kwama-SmartCities; kusiza ukuqonda ukusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemvelo namandla wempi yamadolobha. Isakhiwo sayo esiyinkimbinkimbi sihlanganisa ukubanjwa kwenqwaba yedatha endizeni eyodwa, inkinga engenzeki ngezinzwa ezivamile ezikude, njengamasathelayithi wokubuka umhlaba, i-GNSS, noma ama-radar.
Nakuba, ukukhona kwamapulatifomu esikhala okuzohlinzeka ngolunye ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngeke lugcinwe; Ngalesi senzwa esisha, akudingekile ukuba ukhethe phakathi kwemikhiqizo, njengesithombe noma iphoyinti lefu, ngoba lonke ulwazi lungavele lube yindiza eyodwa.
Le sensor enezinkanyezi ingathatha ngokushesha futhi ngokuphumelelayo ukusuka emadolobheni amancane kunazo zonke, kuya emadolobheni anabantu abakhulu basemadolobheni, okusiza ekugwemeni ukusebenzisa izindleko zezimali kumapulani amaningi okuhamba ngezinyawo noma izinhlelo zamasu
Ukwelashwa kwedatha
Ukucubungula inani lemininingwane elakhiwe yile sensor, iLeica inikeza uhlelo, abizwa ngokuthi yi-platform ehlanganisiwe yokusebenza komsebenzi, ehlanganisa imisebenzi kusukela ekuthunjweni, ukucubungula kwedatha nokubukwa kwedatha, ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile ebizwa nge-HxGN.
Bafuna ukuthi le software ibe lula futhi enembile, ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezithile eziqondile iqondisa umsebenzisi ukuthi enze umkhiqizo abawudingayo. Kubandakanya ukugeleza komsebenzi ukuze imikhiqizo etholwe ekubanjweni yenziwe ngendlela eshesha kakhulu; umkhiqizo ngamunye unenkinobho ethile yesenzo. Yize isoftware inikezela ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esilula, ochwepheshe noma abahlaziyi abanolwazi ekusingatheni lolu hlobo lwedatha nabo bayadingeka.
Kungenzeka, ngokusho kwezidingo, ukwengeza amalayisense amaningi afana nedatha ethunjiwe. I-HxGN, yenzelwe ukuthumela inqubo yedatha eminingi eyenziwe yi-CityMapper, ngokusebenzisa amamojula akhe amakhulu: i-RealWorld, RealCity ne-RealTerrain.
- I-RealWorld: iklanyelwe ngokuqondile amaphrojekthi afaka izithombe ezinkulu, ihlanganisa i-ortho generator module - i-ortho mosaics, ikhomba ulwazi lwefu.
- I-RealTerrain: yisisombululo se-Lidar sokuthunyelwa kwedatha yezindawo ezinkulu nokuxinana kwesakhiwo okuphezulu. Kufaka i-ortho generator module - i-orthomosaics, imininingwane yefu yokukhomba nokungena ngemvume, ukulinganiswa okuzenzakalelayo, namamethrikhi wedatha.
- I-RealCity: iyimodeli yokusekela ye-SmartCities, evumela ukuba kuvezwe ukufaniswa kwe-3D kwezakhiwo ezifakiwe. Ihlanganisa i-ortho generator module - i-ortomosaics, imininingwane yefu yephoyinti, imodeli yedolobha, i-mapping mapper kanye nomhleli we-3D.
Kuyinselelo impela kulokho okufunwa yiBentley Systems, nokuthile okufana ncamashi nalokho esizokhuluma ngakho ngomunye umzuzu, namaContextCapture, iCityMapper namaqembu eTopcon. Kuzodingeka ukubona ukuthi i-Esri / AutoDesk duo ikubhekana kanjani nalokhu, okuzothatha isikhathi ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi abenemizila yawo efana ne-Drone2Map, i-Recap, i-Infraworks, kushiya inselelo yokuhlanganisa umenzi wemishini enombono ohambisanayo. I-Trimble nayo inendlela yayo ehlukile.
Izivivinyo kanye nezicelo
Esinye sezivivinyo zokuqalisa izinzwa zenziwa yinkampani Bluesky kusuka e-United Kingdom, ngohambo oluthokozisayo ekuhloleni okwasemoyeni, okwathi kuleli cala wasebenzisa ukuthwebula idatha ngezithombe ze-nadir ne-oblique ngokuskena kwe-3D laser, ezindaweni eziningi kubandakanya iLondon. Isithombe ngasikhathi sinye sikhombisa ngaphambi nangemva kokubanjwa, kanye nefu lephuzu elihlotshaniswa nezakhiwo ezikhona endaweni. Ukunemba kwemininingwane maqondana nezakhiwo zokuqala kuphakamisa ukubaluleka kwaleli thuluzi ngekusasa lamadolobha.
ULeica uye wabonisa ukuthi akaqedanga umsebenzi wakhe noMasipala waseMasipala, ngoba kudingeka bakhule ngokushesha umsebenzi wokukhiqiza kanye nama-orthophotos emikhulu yamadolobha amakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi senzwa kunemikhakha yezicelo eziningana, phakathi kwazo esingabhala ngazo:
- I-Cadastre nokuhlela,
- Ukusabela okusheshayo eziphuthumayo,
- Ukuqapha izitshalo edolobheni,
- Ukuphepha,
- Ukulinganisa imoto yezimoto,
- Ukuhamba okungcono,
- Izakhiwo,
- Ukukhangisa,
- Imidlalo yevidiyo
Ukuqaliswa kobuchwephesha njengeLeica CityMaper, kubalulekile kwi-SmartCities, ngoba akubonisi nje kuphela indawo yazo zonke izakhi zesikhala, kodwa kubonisa ukuhlelwa kwayo, ukuhlanganisa lolu lwazi nalokhu okuvela kwezinye izinzwa ezifana nokushisa nomswakama wezemvelo, ukwazi ukukhombisa izindawo lapho abantu basezindaweni zasemadolobheni banda khona amazinga okushisa noma bashintsha isimo sezulu.
Izindlela ezivela kumbono wethu
Uma kunento eyodwa esingeke sikwazi ukuyigwema, ukuthi ubuchwepheshe balesi silinganiso buzoshintsha (futhi) futhi bube lula indlela esenza ngayo izinto namuhla embonini yezithombe, ukwenziwa kwemephu, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda kanye nemboni yokuphathwa kwempahla. Ngakho-ke, inguquko yesine ayikude kakhulu, yize ingekho yonke imibandela yokuthi isabalale kuzo zonke izimboni, kepha izobeka ithoni kuzinkinga esezivele zisebenza kule nzwa njenge-roboti, ukuhanjiswa, ukugcinwa nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo, njengamandla -Ukwazi ukuthi ukuthunjwa kwezithombe kwenzeka ngamandla elanga, namapulisi akhishwa inzwa esimweni seLidar-. Lapho-ke kuzinhlelo zokusebenza sibona amandla aso ezintweni ezibukwa kuma-SmartCities njengokuthile okungokoqobo, ukulingisa njengokusiza njengokuvimbela ubungozi kanye nokusetshenziswa njengokungenamsebenzi kepha okunenzuzo kwezomnotho njengemidlalo yevidiyo.
Naphezu pragmatism yami ukuphuthuma ubuchwepheshe ezintsha abasafufusa, emkhathizwe obukeka wethembisa, nakuba ukwamukelwa kwabo amabhizinisi kanye nezifundiswa Geo-ubunjiniyela luyokhula kuze kube sezingeni lokuba izixazululo, eziyingxenye esemqoka kokubili bamba futhi Sokuzenzela Ulwazi olufana nokubuyekezwa okulawulwayo nokuvulwa kokuhlanganiswa ekuxazululeni izixazululo zomsebenzisi.
