Indima ye-geotechnologies ekuqondiseni i-3D Cadastre

NgoLwesine u-November 29, njengeGeofumadas ne-297 abahlanganyele esihlanganyele kwiwebhu I-UNIGIS  ngaphansi kwesihloko: "Indima ye-geotechnologies ekuqondiseni i-3D Cadastre” ngu-Diego Erba, ochaze ubudlelwano obubalulekile phakathi kwe-geotechnologies kanye ne-3D cadastre. Lesi sihloko simbozwe nguLau, umhlanganyeli we-Geofumadas, okwathi ntambama sabuyekeza imibono yakhe, akutholile kanye nokubuyekezwa kokuqukethwe ngoba i-UNIGIS Ubekezelele kulabo abakuphuthele.

Ukulalela u-Erba kudinga umqondo ovulekile obheke embonweni wamanje ophuthumayo emazweni athuthukile, kanye nombono wesikhathi esimaphakathi emazweni lapho lesi simemezelo seCadastre 2034 singameleli ukwesaba okungenziwa; kepha kungenxa yomthelela ekuphathweni koshintsho, ekuthathweni kwezinqumo nasekuthintekeni komnotho esimeni lapho izikweletu zemiphumela kuzakhamizi ziphezulu maqondana nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezingcono ngokuya ngemininingwane yendawo. Umhlanganyeli wami, uLau ube nguchwepheshe kakhulu ekufingqeni okuqukethwe kweWebinar; Ukuphawula kwami ​​kuvela njengomhleli weGeofumadas.com ngombala onsundu.

I-webinar yasungulwa ngokususelwa kokuqukethwe kwencwadi Izenzo ezinhle kakhulu ze-FIG 3D CadastresFuthi waqala echaza, njengoba ukumodeliswa 3D angathuthukisa ezweni njengoba ebandakanyeke revolution eqinile zobuchwepheshe enikeza amathuba izikhala ukwethula ubuchwepheshe okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa, konke lokhu ningakuyeki zonke izimfanelo kusukela 2D idatha (amabalazwe, amashadi, amabalazwe).

U-Erba, wagcizelela ukuthi izinqubo zokuqoqa idatha kufanele zenziwe lula nge-software yamahhala njengaleyo  I-Scrappy, okuyinto uhlelo lwesimiso oludalwe ukuthatha idatha futhi le datha igcinwa kuwebhu, ishiya eceleni ukusetshenziswa kwephepha njengendlela yokuqoqa i-archaic.

Inselelo enkulu, kubenzi bezinqumo. Vele, ngokubuka kwezemfundo kanye nombono kuyindlela evumelekile. Kodwa-ke, lapho sibona okuhlangenwe nakho okufana ne-Multipurpose Catastro yaseColombia, lapho iTrimble yafika neLand Folio nePenMap yayo emangalisayo, sifinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukuxhuma kanye nogesi ozinzile ezindaweni zasemakhaya kuseyinselelo ekude. Ukugcinwa kwewebhu kusazothatha uhlobo lwe-hybrid phakathi kokuvuna, ukuvumelanisa, kanye nephepha elithile.

Le ndlela kufanele kubhekwe ikhumbula ukuthi nakuba kubuchwepheshe sisengabangane ngo lwesigaba ushintsho phakathi isibonisi 3D kanye nokusebenza 5D, emadolobheni amakhulu e-Latin America kukhona esiphuthumayo ukuba bamukele izindlela yezwe yokuqala, kuzoba imikhuba emihle emgwaqweni oya emadolobheni ahlakaniphile.

Wabuye wabonisa ukuthi kufanele siqale ukucabanga nge-modeling ye-3D hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ngenxa yalokho okwenzekayo isikhala esikufunayo, ngalokhu kungcono ukuhlelwa kwezinto ezihlelekile zendawo. Ngokusebenzisa i Ngokwesibonelo, ungase ubone ngeso lengqondo indima ukumodeliswa 3D esehlakalweni enqabayo njengokuzamazama komhlaba futhi ayikwazanga ukubala displacement izakhiwo maqondana phansi futhi phansi ukufuduka ngokuya izakhiwo.

Wabuye wabonisa izifundo zesayensi ezenziwa ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele, okuvela ku-2011 okukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-3D ukufanisa ukuhlaziywa kwesikhala, kanye nokumema abalaleli ukuba bathuthukise amaphrojekthi ahlobene nalesi sihloko, ikakhulukazi eLatin America.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezobuchwepheshe

Ukuze uqonde ubuchwepheshe esibandakanya ukumodeliswa 3D, ngokuvumelana ezweni, kubalulekile ukuphendula umbuzo kanjani isakhiwo sibhaliswe 3D?, Nazi ukuthi zona lezo iyunithi ekuqaleni eyayihambisana nokusetshenziswa umhlaba ipholigoni njalo, indlela ungabhalisa isakhiwo 3D futhi iziphi izinzuzo babe abazange etholakala nge cadastre bendabuko.

Kokuqala, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-3D bungasetshenziswa ukuphatha izikhala, okungukuthi, ukwenza izincazelo zefomu labo, ivolumu nendawo, kanye nezinhlobo zobuso lapho zikhona khona.

Ukusebenzisa izinzwa ezikude zanamuhla kungenzeka ukuthatha idatha ephezulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqiza kwedatha, njengamaphuzu efu noma amaphuzu amafu, okubalulekile ekwakheni izinto ze-3D ezithuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezigcawu zolwazi lwendawo.

Thina ma-geomatics emazweni asathuthuka kumele sisebenzise izindlela ezinjengalezi, njengoba, njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, ezinombono futhi ezingalungiseki. Njengoba lezi zinto zenzeka, kubalulekile ukugcizelela kuzinqubo; ngoba yize amathuluzi wokuthwebula athuthukile, ukusebenza kwesoftware ukuguqulwa kwayo, ngokulawulwa kokuthengiselana kanye nepheshana elilandelanayo kulwazi lwangaphambilini kunqunyelwe. Uma ukusebenzisa indinganiso ye-ISO-19152 kuseseyinselelo eyinkimbinkimbi, phakathi kokwehlisa imodeli yomqondo kumodeli ebonakalayo, nezigaba zesimo sendawo kususelwa ehoreni njengeyunithi yokugcina imethadatha; Kufanele kucatshangwe uma besifuna ukuhlelela imodeli enezinhlangothi ezintathu (hhayi eyokubonwa, noma yokuthwebula, kepha yokuphathwa okulawulwayo).

Ngicabanga ukuthi inkinga ayikho ekwamukeleni imibono emisha. Zonke izikhungo zinabasebenzi abakhethekile, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zokuhlaziywa kolwazi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe; kodwa ubunzima busekuhlanganiseni izinqubo zezithunywa zevangeli ezingagxili kuphela esigabeni sokutholwa kwedatha, kodwa futhi ezidinga ukwenziwa kube semthethweni kwaleqiniso langempela ledatha, isimo kanye nenqubo yokufaneleka kwamanye amabhizinisi azosebenzisa imininingwane, izindlela ukuvuselelwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kokuthengiselana, kanye nokubhekana nejika lokufunda labalingisi abazobamba iqhaza ekunikezelweni kwezinsizakalo kwisakhamuzi.

Labo bethu abenze izinqubo ezihlanganisiwe phakathi kweCadastre neRegistry, bayazi ngenselelo yokuphathwa koshintsho ebandakanya ukufaka iziqu kumbhalisi, ukubuka imephu kumbukeli wewebhu, engasenazo izindawo ezingomakhelwane ezichazwe ngokubhaliwe, njengoba zinjalo kubonakala encazelweni yezobuchwepheshe enamandla yemephu ye-cadastral futhi, futhi ekhombisa nemikhawulo evela ezinkambisweni ezikhethekile zombuso ezivela emthethweni wendawo. Manje ake ucabange ukuthi esikhundleni sendiza eyi-2D kuzofanela ubone imeshini enezinhlangothi ezintathu enamabhilidi ancibilikile ngomzamo omuhle weDrone2Map noma iContextCapture.

Esikhathini webinar sathinteka ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthi uxoxe ukuqaliswa kumephu 3D emhlabeni wonke, kubalulekile ukuba sisebenzise ubuchwepheshe ezifanele ukukhiqiza amamodeli we ukumelwa isikhala, njengoba kunjalo geoid, njengoba lezi kudingeka ukwakha futhi ukusekela amamodeli afaneleke ukubhekana nendawo yangempela. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi simodeli emazweni amaningi cishe akusikho, okuyinto inkinga enkulu lapho ucabangela lolu hlobo lokumelela kwe-cartographic, phambili kakhulu.

Ingxenye engokomthetho ayikwazi ukushiywa eceleni, ukwazi ukuthi i-cadastre njengaleyo ihilela imvelo yemvelo - yezezomnotho nengokwemvelo. Ngokuya ngohlaka olusemthethweni oluhlobene ne-cadastre edolobheni ngalinye, indlela izakhiwo nezindawo eziphathwayo kuzokwenziwa ngayo, kuzodingeka kuxoxwe ngeColombia-Brazil, lapho kukhona khona ukuthengiswa kokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali angenakwakhiwa (indawo ebomvu) .

Ngakho lokho ukusebenzisa 3D umhlaba, kanye nedatha ivolumu ekhona, uyophinde abe wusizo lokho okuthiwa kulomhlangano kuwebhu njengo "izimo ezedlulayo", okungukuthi, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene imikhawulo, ukunqwabelanisa mpo (izakhiwo ezihlobene) noma ingqalasizinda (amapayipi, izintambo, amapayipi noma imigudu).

Kusukela ezindaweni ezimbili:

• Ukuzuza: okungukuthi, yikuphi okukhona, okukhona, lapho kubonakala khona.
• Ukudala: dala idatha ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-BIM, futhi udale ukufaniswa kwe-3D, okuzobe kulandela inqubo yokunikezela enikeza into ukuthi ibukeka kanjani empeleni.

Yeka isihawu ukuphikelela futhi; akupheli ukuphathwa kokuphathwa komhlaba, kodwa ngezigaba kamuva zokubuyekeza nokuhlanganisa amasevisi kubalingisi abaxhunywe nohlelo lokuthengiselana.

Iminikelo yokwenza geoengineering

Phakathi nombukiso, u-Erba wabonisa izibonelo zendlela ama-3D amamodeli ezakhiwo ezithile eziyisisekelo asetshenzisiwe ngayo, lapho abonisa khona ukuthi lezi zithombe zimele ithuluzi lokwenza izinqumo, ngoba lisuselwa ekukhona, okungukuthi, ngibone ukuthi kukhona, lapho ikhona khona nokuthi kanjani, lokhu kungase kube ukuqala kokulinganisa okusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwedatha ukuvimbela noma yiluphi uhlobo lomcimbi omuhle noma omubi.

Umqondo wepelastral ipelisi ishintshwe ukuphikisa, ukufakwa komqondo kuqala I-Voxel, into efana nomlingani we-pixel, kodwa ezintweni ze-3D, "yiyunithi encane yokucubungula kwe-matrix amathathu-ntathu". Umqondo we-3D cadastre wezomnotho nawo usungulwe, okuvela kuyo noma yikuphi Ukulinganisa okubonakalayo, okuyinto eyenza ukumbumbuluza lapho indawo ibeka khona endaweni ethile, ukucacisa izici ezithile ngokuvumelana nesakhiwo sayo kanye nobuhlobo bayo nendawo eseduze.

Yini engenzeka nge-Geographic Information Systems, nangayo yonke imvelo yezinhlelo ezenzelwe ukuhlaziywa kwendawo? Futhi manje manje ngemuva kokusungula ukwenziwa kwedatha ye-3D njengokubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kusho u-Erba, ukuthi abanye ochwepheshe abahambisana nensimu khombisa ukuthi ukuphela kwedatha ye-vector njengoba yaziwa, okungukuthi, kunjalo "Ukuphela kwe-polygon" njengesizathu sokuhlangana kwedatha ehlanganiswe ne-cadastre", Okusho ukuthi indlela ezitholakala ngayo, eyakhiwe futhi ehlaziywe kufanele icatshangelwe.

Kubandakanya ngeso nedatha zokukhwabanisa 3D akuyona kude ngokoqobo, izicelo ezifana ArcGIS Pro ESRI, DigitalTwins Bentley Systems abaye bazifaka nokusebenza kwabo kubonwa maqondana lezi idatha, QGIS Futhi liye kuhlanganise-add-on sokusingatha idatha ama-pointclouds, ngakho-ke kudala okungaziwa ukuthi kuzokwenzekani nge-GIS ejwayelekile nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlaziywa kwendawo, ngoba ukuvuselelwa kufanele kuhambisane nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe eseduze, sizobona eminyakeni embalwa, uma kukhona ukuguqulwa kwesoftware yamahhala leyo vumela ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene kokukhohlisa idatha ye-3D.

Umbuzo kumelwe sibuze ukuthi ingabe amazwe ethu abasebenza isandla yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa SmartCities kuyiqiniso ukuthi isiseduze, futhi kudinga umzamo enkulu ukuhlanganiswa zobuchwepheshe, kusukela ukumodeliswa 3D kuya ubuhlobo izinzwa eziningi ezikhona, plus nomqondo IoT - Inthanethi izinto, futhi ukudluliswa kwedatha engale, yilokho siguqule edolobheni futhi izwe, ebaholela khona imizi smart nezwe smart.

Le webinar yayithakazelisa kakhulu, kucabangela ukubaluleka kwe-3D-BIM-modeling modeling in the sensors for geoengineering, kanye nakubo bonke labo abathola lolu hlobo lwolwazi.

Ngokwami, inhlonipho yami ku-Diego Erba, ngokushumayela kwakhe ngokungakhathali ngombono ongalele oseduze. Okungafanele ukusho ngemfudumalo nangamandla asetshenziswayo okuveza izingqikithi ezibhemayo kunguqulo engcono kakhulu yabantu abafayo.

UNIGIS, ngaphandle kokuthola leso sipho esingenakulinganiswa I-Master Master Degree ku-Systems Geographic Information SystemsNgala ma-webinar usekela ukwakhiwa komphakathi olangazelela okuqukethwe okwengeza inani emkhakheni. Yize amanani ebanda, ama-95 aseColombia, ama-37 ase-Argentina, amaMexico angama-35 kanye nama-Ecuadorian angama-33 abamele izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zababambe iqhaza kule webinar.

Ukulinda okulandelayo.

Ayikwazanga yini ukuya ku-#Webinar ka #UNIGIS no-Diego Erba? Nasi isixhumanisi nerekhodi elifushane ukubona ukuqoshwa okungu- #: https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7579969785221365507