I-ArcGIS - Izixazululo ze-3D
Ukwenza imephu yomhlaba wethu bekulokhu kuyisidingo, kodwa namuhla akukhona nje ukuhlonza noma ukuthola izici noma izindawo kumdwebo wemephu othize; Manje kubalulekile ukubona ngeso lengqondo imvelo ngezindlela ezintathu ukuze ube nokuqonda kangcono indawo yendawo.
I-Geographic Information Systems ingamathuluzi okuhlaziya idatha yendawo kanye namathuluzi okuphatha, okulingisa imvelo kungenziwa ukuze kuqondwe izinqubo zenhlalo-mhlaba, zemvelo kanye nezobuchwepheshe ezenzeka endaweni. U-Esri ubehamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwezixazululo eziqondiswe ku-"Location intelligence", iqinise izinqubo zomjikelezo wokuphila wokwakha (AEC) ngokuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi ayo.
Esimeni se-3D, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ziyaphathwa, njengedatha evela kuzinzwa ezikude, i-BIM, i-IoT ukuze kutholwe ukumodela kwendawo eseduze neqiniso ngangokunokwenzeka. I-ArcGIS ingenye yemikhiqizo ye-Esri esekela idatha ye-3D (enolwazi lwe-XYZ), njengamafu e-lidar point, ama-multipatch, noma ama-meshes, noma i-vector geometry elula njengemigqa noma amapholygoni.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ithrendi ye-3D ayinakuhlehliswa, esinye sezici izixazululo ze-GIS ezizisebenzisayo namuhla futhi abasebenzisi abazazisa nsuku zonke njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, engxoxweni nozakwethu eNgqungqutheleni Yomhlaba Ye-Geospatial, sinqume ukusebenza esihlokweni mayelana ne-ESRI.
Ukuze ukhulume ngezixazululo ze-ESRI, kuyadingeka ukwazi okwengeziwe ngemvelo ephelele, okwamanje ehlanganisa izixazululo ngisho namawele edijithali (iwele lokuhlela, iwele Lokwakha, iwele le-Operation kanye newele Lokubambisana), esizolithinta kwesinye isihloko kodwa kulokhu. uma kwenzeka sizoyibona ku-optics yomsebenzisi ongakhethekile ofuna cishe izixazululo ze-turnkey.
Ukukhohliswa kwedatha ye-3D ku-ArcGIS kunikezwa izixazululo ezifana nalezi: I-Drone2Map, i-ArcGIS Pro, i-ArcGIS Earth, i-ArcGIS CityEngine. I-Esri yenze umzamo okhethekile wokuthuthukisa izingxenye zayo futhi iqinise izixazululo zayo ukuze ikhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa okungcono kwe-GIS+BIM, okuhumushela ekuphathweni okungcono kwezinsiza namadolobha. Kukhona futhi ubudlelwano obuseduze nezinye izinhlelo zokumodela ze-CAD noma ze-3D (Revit, Infraworks, ifc), okuthi ngama-plugin noma izengezo zingavuma imininingwane ye-GIS. Futhi, amamodeli akhiqizwe kusofthiwe efana ne-Revit angabukwa ngokuqondile ku-ArcGIS Pro, ngaphandle kokudlula ochungechungeni lokuguqulwa noma ukuguqulwa.
Esikhathini esingeside esidlule u-Esri uthole izinkampani ezimbili ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayo e-3D. I-Zibumi kanye ne-nFrames -SURE DevelopersTM-. Eyodwa eyokudala, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokulingisa idatha ye-3D, kanti okwesibili isofthiwe yokwakhiwa kabusha kwendawo, lapho ukuhlaziya kwe-3D kungenziwa khona kanye nokuthathwa kwedatha kuhlelwe ngendlela ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele.
Kodwa, yiziphi izinzuzo zamakhono we-3D we-ArcGIS?
Okokuqala, bavumela ukuklanywa kwamasu okuhlelwa kwendawo, kusukela ekuphathweni kwezinsiza/izinsizakusebenza, i-cadastre, ekuhloleni i-ecosystem ezungezile yesakhiwo. Ziwusizo ekuphatheni amanani amakhulu edatha -Idatha enkulu- futhi uhlanganise nenye isofthiwe.
Amakhono e-3D e-ArcGIS angafingqwa ohlwini olulandelayo:
- Ukubukwa kwedatha ye-3D
- Dala idatha ye-3D nezigcawu
- Ukuphathwa kwedatha (hlaziya, hlela futhi wabelane)
Nakuba lokhu okungenhla akukhona kuphela lapho, kodwa nokusebenzisana kwezinhlelo ezakhiwe yi-Esri, zinikeza kalula ukuphatha idatha ye-2D, 3D, KML, BIM, ukuhlaziywa kwendawo okucebile nokusebenzisanayo, namathuluzi emephu anamandla kakhulu. Nasi isifinyezo sezici zezixazululo ezi-4 ze-ESRI ezishiwo ngenhla:
1.ArcGIS CityEngine
Ngalolu hlelo lokusebenza umsebenzisi uzokwazi ukuklama nokumodela izigcawu zakhe, azigcine, enze imigwaqo nezinye izici ziguquke. Ungasebenzisa idatha yempilo yangempela noma udale indawo eqanjiwe ngokuphelele. Isekela imiyalo yePython nokugeleza komsebenzi okuzenzakalelayo. Nakuba izimele ku-ArcGIS, akusho ukuthi idatha ekhiqizwe ku-CityEngine ayihlanganisiwe futhi ingaxhunywa ku-ArcGIS Online ukuze ishicilelwe futhi yabiwe.
Nge-CityEngine ungenza imiklamo eguquguqukayo yamadolobha, inesixhumi esibonakalayo esenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokugcwele esivumelana nezidingo zomhlaziyi. Kuwuhlelo olusebenzisanayo olusekela inani elikhulu lamafomethi avela kunoma iyiphi enye i-GIS noma isofthiwe yezakhiwo/zobunjiniyela. Njenge-ArcGIS pro, igcina idatha yakho ngezendlalelo ngokuya ngezimfanelo zabo.
2.Drone2Map
I-Drone2Map iwuhlelo oluvumela ukubonwa nokuboniswa kwedatha ethathwe ama-drones, kamuva aguqulelwe ekubeni umkhiqizo wemephu ye-3D. Yize futhi ikhiqiza idatha ye-2D efana ne-orthophotomosaics, amamodeli ezindawo zedijithali, noma imigqa yamakhonco.
Ngokungeziwe ekuphatheni idatha yomsebenzisi, inika amandla ukwenza izinqumo ezingcono uma uhlela indiza yokuthwebula idatha. Ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi senqubo yendiza futhi uhlole ukuthi izigcawu zilungiswe ngendlela efanele yini kulokho okudingekayo. Ihlanganiswe ne-ArcGIS (ArcGIS Online, ArcGIS Desktop, kanye ne-Enterprise), lapho lonke ulwazi lungacutshungulwa futhi kwabelwane ngalo. I-Drone2Map iwumkhiqizo othuthukiswe ngokubambisana ne-Pix4D.
3.ArcGIS Pro
Amakhono e-3D alungiselelwe ngokomdabu kusistimu, okusho ukuthi noma yiluphi ulwazi lwe-cartographic lungaguqulwa lube isigcawu se-3D. Eminye yemisebenzi yayo yilezi: I-Voxel ukubona ngeso lengqondo idatha ye-3D ngamakhyubhu e-voxel, ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-2D, i-3D ne-4D, ukuhlanganiswa kwedeskithophu ye-GIS newebhu ukwabelana ngedatha.
Ku-ArcGIS Pro kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezici:
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- Amapholigoni, amaphuzu/amaphoyinti amaningi kanye nemigqa yizici ezihamba zisuka ku-2D ziye ku-3D lapho amanani angu-Z efakiwe.
- I-multipatch noma i-multipatch ichazwa njengezinto zegobolondo ezakhiwe ngobuso be-3D polygon. Lawa mabhizinisi ayakwazi ukuthola amaleveli emininingwane futhi angadalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
- Izici ze-3D lapho izici zigcinwa futhi ziphathwe kusizindalwazi esinendawo kanye ne-3D geometry mesh
- Izichasiselo: Lezi yizakhi zombhalo ezidingekayo ukuze kubonakale noma ukuchaza izinto.
4. I-ArcGIS Ngaphakathi
Uhlelo lokusebenza elenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala "i-inventory" yezimpahla nokufakwa esakhiweni. Lokhu kudinga ukuklanywa kanye ne-georeferencing yedatha kusofthiwe ye-CAD, ecutshungulwa kamuva ku-GIS. Kuyithuluzi elikhuthaza ukuphathwa kwezakhiwo okukhaliphile, linikeza izinhlangano “ikhono lokuchaza kahle, ukwaba, kanye nokwaba isikhala ukuze kusekelwe kangcono ukusebenza kwendawo yokusebenza, ukuxhumana, kanye nokukhiqiza” i-Esri. Isebenza ngenguqulo enwetshiwe ye-ArcGIS Pro, iwebhu nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, kanye nemodeli yolwazi lwasendlini.
5. I-ArcGIS Earth
Isibuki sedatha, esivezwa njengembulunga esebenzisanayo. Lapho ungaphequlula ulwazi, wenze ukusesha, wabelane ngedatha, uthathe izilinganiso futhi wengeze idatha efana ne-.KML, .KMZ, .SHP, .CSV nokuningi. Imahhala ngokuphelele futhi isikhombimsebenzisi sayo kulula ukuyisebenzisa.
Kufanele kukhulunywe, into mhlawumbe abaningi abangayazi, amandla okumodela e-3D ezixazululo ze-Esri afinyelele esikrinini esikhulu, okuvumela lezi zakhi zendawo ukuthi zenziwe ngendlela yokuthi zibukeke ziseduze kakhulu isikrini. iqiniso - njengakwifilimu ye-Disney Pixar ethi The Incredibles -. U-Esri uyaqhubeka nokubheja ekusungulweni okusha, enza amathuluzi asivumela ukuthi siqonde ukuguquguquka kwendawo, okuwusizo kwezenhlalo nezemvelo, nalapho bonke abalingisi abenza ukuphila esikhaleni bengabamba iqhaza, babone ngeso lengqondo, futhi benze izinqumo ezifanele ukuze kuzuze iqoqo. . .
