Isevisi yewebhu yamamephu amandulo phakathi kwe-Mapping Volume 28-124 evelele kakhulu

Encwadini yayo yakamuva ivolumu 28 -ngenyanga ka-Mashi no-Ephreli 2019- Umagazini weMephu ubeke njengengqungquthela yayo yonke into ehlobene neNgqungquthela ye-IX yase-Iberia mayelana Nezingqalasizinda Zedatha Yezindawo. Ngaphakathi kokukhethwa kwezihloko eziyisikhombisa zesayensi, eshicilelwe kulo magazini webaluleke kakhulu ensimini ye-geoscientific, okungenani izihloko ezine ziyavela, lapho senza incazelo emfushane.

I-MAPPING iyinhlangano yezobuchwepheshe-zesayensi neminyaka ye-28 yomlando ehlose ukusakaza ucwaningo, amaphrojekthi nomsebenzi owenziwe emkhakheni weGeomatics kanye nokuqondiswa okuhlobene, ngokubheka ngokukhethekile isicelo sabo ensimini of Science Sciences.

Ngokwengqikithi yomhleli wethu, izindikimba ezikhethiwe yizi ezilandelayo:

• Isevisi yewebhu yamabalazwe amadala
• Isevisi yedatha ye-Unit Marine Technology Unit (UTM-CSIC),
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesimo se-INSPIRE ku-Diputación Foral de Álava
• HLOLA UKUPHILA KWEMPILO emethadatha, idatha kanye nezinsizakalo: indlela yokusebenzisa amasethi wokuhlola abstract futhi asebenzayo.

1. Isevisi yewebhu ye-Old Old

Ngenye yezinto eziphenywayo, ezithintele ngokubheka isihloko; ebhalwe ngu-Alvaro Bachiller, i-Carolina Soteres, nabanye abalobi abane-co-author. Isisekelo sithi okuningi; ukwazi ikusasa okumelwe sikwazi ukuthi kwenzekani esikhathini esidlule, ukuthi yini esebenza ngokucacile esikhaleni sendawo.

Le ncwadi uhlaka amabalazwe akudala - ngokuthi La Cartoteca- waqala kusukela 2008, futhi owenziwa yi-CNIG - National Geographic Information Centre, ngokubambisana noMnyango Territory National Geographic Institute kanye National Geographic Institute - IGN. Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi izikhungo ezishiwo ngenhla ziye zakwazi ukuqoqa ulwazi oluningi lwendawo yomlando kusukela ngekhulu le-16 leminyaka ngeqembu elenza i-Map Library.

"Amabalazwe omlando abamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwezimpawu zokuziphatha, izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngaphambi kwalokho okwaziwayo njengamanje, futhi zivumela ukukhiqiza ukuhlaziywa okuningi kokwekhonkolo, ukuhlola lokho okuye kwaba khona futhi kuzoqhubeka kube isikhala, kanye nokuba yifa lezwe."

Eziningana zale mibhalo ebalulekile, kufaka phakathi amamephu wabantu, amamephu we-thematic, noma amapulani we-cadastral topographic, angavele athintwe ngumfundi, umphakathi ochwepheshe noma we-amateur. Lokhu kuguqulwe isimo se-CNIG, ukunikela ngezinsizakalo zeMephu yeWebhu - kumaphrothokholi we-WMS - ukusebenza njengendawo yokugcina le datha enkulu kangaka.

Ku-WMS, ungafinyelela kumasevisi amaningi afana nalokhu:

• Ama-khilomitha amashidi - izinhlelo ze-cadastral topographic: ngezinga le-1: 2000. Le dokhumenti yomlando ikhishwe phakathi kwe-1861 ne-1870; yi-General Board of Statistics - obengumengameli we-IGN.
• I-Planimetry: Lezi yizingxenye ezibonisa izinhlelo zesandla ezenziwe phakathi kwe-1870 ne-1950, ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwemephu yomhlaba jikelele we-1: isikali se-50.000.
• Ama-Editions Wokuqala we-National Topographic Map - MTN, eyenziwe phakathi kwezinsuku ze-1875 ne-1968. Le nkonzo ihlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zemibhalo ye-cartographic:
  • imizuzu ye-MTN eyenziwe phakathi kwe-1915 kuya ku-1960,
  • Ukuqala kokuqala kwe-MTN: eyakhiwe ngamashidi e-4123, futhi adalwe kusuka ku-1975 kuya ku-2003.

Idatha yendawo iyasebenza ezingeni likazwelonke, noma kunjalo, uma kwenzeka emadolobheni abaluleke kakhulu kwezamasu nangokomlando njengeMadrid, kuye kwahlanganiswa imininingwane eminingi ehlobene nayo futhi inikezwa kuleyo nsizakalo yemephu yewebhu - i-WMS. Imininingwane emidwebweni engokomlando yaseMadrid ihluke kakhulu kulokhu okushiwo ngenhla, kunemininingwane efana nale: Uhlelo lukaMancelli lwaseMadrid, uhlelo lwesimo senkantolo yaseVilla neMadrid, uhlelo lukaNicolás de Chalmadrier, uhlelo lweJiyomethri laseMadrid, uhlelo lwe Imephu yamaphasela eMadrid neMadrid

Kulesi sihloko, zikhombisa ezinye izinsizakalo ezihlobene nesiteji sokulanda se-CNIG, njengombuzo we-orthophoto, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukwenza le phrojekthi kwenzeke ngokusebenzisa isevisi yomlando we-Orthophotography. Le sevisi inikeza izinhlobo eziyisithupha zezingqimba kubasebenzisi:

• Izindiza zaseMelika: B series (1956 no-1957),
• Uhambo lokuhamba phakathi: imisebenzi yoMkhandlu oPhakeme weSpain phakathi kwe-1976 ne-1986,
• Indiza yasekhaya: Isilinganiso se-1: 18.000 phakathi kwe-1981 ne-1983,
• Indiza ye-OLISTAT: ekhuthazwa yi-Ministry of Agriculture, yezifundazwe zomnqumo phakathi kwe-1997 ne-1998,
• kanye ne-PNOA Flights: ihlanganisa ubuso bomhlaba wonke ngokuvama kweminyaka emithathu, idatha kuphela esuka ku-2004 kuya ku-2016 ifakiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okushiwo ngenhla, endaweni, imvelo nosuku lokudalwa kwemikhiqizo, kuboniswa ukuthi idatha iphathwe kanjani, ngoba ulwazi lwendawo olubuyiselwe emuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-100, ludinga inqubo yokulungiselela , ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa okubucayi nakakhulu kunokuthola idatha yamuva yendawo. Isibonelo salokhu ukwelashwa wukuthi lezi amabalazwe ekubeni uhlobo idatha secondary, zidlule inqubo ibhadalele ngumuntu photogrammetric professional kanye amaskeni georeferenced, kk -ngoba 400 futhi 254 isikali amancane ngaphezulu -ngoba large- ngaphezulu isikali kk , ukuze ugcine kuzo kumaseva we-CNIG, okuzokwenziwa ngokunqunywa ngobukhulu bawo uma ithunyelwa kwisiphakeli se-WMS noma igcinwe kwi disk yangaphandle.

Kumele futhi kukhulunywe ukuthi abalobi baqaphele ukuthi ukuvulwa kwephrojekthi ngokwayo kuye kwaba eminyakeni yamuva, kusukela ekuvuleleni kwayo emphakathini, kubonisa izibalo ezibonisa: uhlobo lwesiphakeli, inombolo yokuvakashelwa, inombolo yezicelo, ukulandwa ku (Gb) namapulatifomu abamba idatha.

2. Isevisi yedatha ye-Unit Marine Technology Unit (UTM-CSIC),

usawoti noma izinga lokushisa: Kulesi ucwaningo, ngu Juan Valderrama, uSusana Tagarro, nokubambisana abalobi ababili, umsebenzi iyunithi Marine Ubuchwepheshe ihlose ukuhlinzeka emizimbeni kolwazi isimo ngokuphathelene izindawo ocean njengoba kuchaziwe.

Leli yunithi yenza umsebenzi othakazelisayo, ngoba kufanele iqoqe futhi ihlaziye idatha eqoqwe njalo ngamahora we-24, ngakho-ke siyicabanga ukuthi ihumusha ibe umthamo ophezulu wemvelo ehlukene ngenxa yomsebenzi olwandle. Kulolu cwaningo, kuyathakazelisa ukugqamisa ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwemininingwane eqoqwe ensimini, elandelwa kamuva, ehlaziywe futhi idluliselwe ebandleni elibusayo - Ministry of Science, Innovation kanye Amanyuvesi.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngemithelela yokuhlanganiswa Kwengqalasizinda Yedatha Yasolwandle Yezikebhe Zase-Oceanographic, ngasinye salezi zigaba ezidingekayo ukuze kufezeke le nhloso sethulwe, njengoku: ukuhlaziywa nokugcinwa kwedatha (i-physicochemical, biologists, geologists, noma i-meteorologists), ukwakhiwa kwemethadatha, izinkomba, ukwenziwa kwekhathalogi yemikhankaso - ezokhombisa uhlobo lwemininingwane edingekayo ekwenzeni umkhiqizo wokugcina-, izidingo zesoftware (kulokhu Icala le-Geonetwork)

3. Ukusetshenziswa kwesimo se-INSPIRE ku-Diputación Foral de Álava

Le projekthi adalwe Jorrín Abellán futhi Oscar Diego Alonso, esokuba okuhlobene isihloko umagazini lo mqulu, + ngakho uqala ngokunikeza izizathu ukubaluleka ukwakhiwa nokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo Spatial Idatha Umthangala - SDI njengoba ZAKHA uthathe inselele yokuvumelanisa.

Babuye bachaze izici ezifana nokuthi iyiphi inqubo yokuvumelanisa yeqoqo lwedatha kusho, yiliphi ithuluzi elisetshenziswe kule nqubo, yiziphi izidingo eziye zaxazululwa, izinzuzo zalo konke lokhu kuvumelanisa.

4. HLOLA UKUPHILA KWEMPILO emethadatha, idatha kanye nezinsizakalo: indlela yokusebenzisa amasethi wokuhlola abstract futhi asebenzayo

Ngenye yezihloko ezihlobene nesihloko esedlule, esibhalwe ngu-Alejandro Guinea de Salas noPaula Rodrigo. Lokhu kuqala ngokugcizelela ukuthi imihlahlandlela lobuchwepheshe ZAKHA, can ngempela aqukethe ukwaziswa okuwusizo ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenziseka kwedatha futhi indlela edingekayo kuboniswa ngenxa idatha, imethadatha izinqubo ezihlobene ZAKHA kukhona ngempumelelo nakahle ngokusebenzisa ukudalulwa.

Isihloko ithakazelisa kakhulu ukunikeza umfundi umbono ukukhanya oku ukuqala ukusebenza ZAKHA, eziqala ukucushwa kwe-ATS kanjani - isethi ukuhlolwa abstract, esephepheni nezimfuneko, uqhubeke ETS - amasethi ukuhlolwa elisebenzisekayo, ukuhlolwa kokuthuthukiswa - Ulayini Wokuhlola, Ukubhala Ukuhlola Ukuhlola, ne-Test Ekhulayo Ibhokisi, kanye nemiphumela etholakalayo.

Ngaphezu kokubuyekezwa kwezihloko ezibalwe ngenhla, enye esebenzayo ukuthi lo magazini uveza kulokhu ivolumu kufaka:

• I-Valencian Toponymic nomenclature
• I-Geolake Search (ikusasa le-IDE lukuthuthukisa ikhathalogi yalo)
• Esikhundleni segama elisemthethweni e-Balearic Islands: i-Nomenclátor de Toponymy yaseMenorca kanye neNdawo Yezizwe Ezibizwa NgeBalearic Islands.

Njengokuqala, bamemezele amaGeobloggers ngohlelo lwawo lwesibili, oluzokwenzeka ngoJuni ngo-2019; umcimbi wokuthi i-Geofumadas izosekela futhi -sikhathi somuntu siqu-.

Mayelana nokuMephu

Umagazini Ukumaka, yisethenjwa sabaseSpain ezincwadini zesayensi. Ngeminyaka engama-28 kusatshalaliswa imisebenzi nocwaningo ngezindaba ezihlobene nendawo ye-geomatics, ingqalasizinda, ukuphathwa kwedatha ye-geospatial nentuthuko ebalulekile eyenzeka kulo mongo.

 “Kusukela ngo-2013, ithimba labahleli elikhona manje selichaze umugqa omusha wamasu we-MAPPING. Kukhethiwe ubuhle futhi i udumo, ukwenza sengathi lo magazini ungenye yezinqolobane ezinkulu zolwazi nezindaba emkhakheni kanye nokuxhumanisa phakathi kwezinkampani ezizimele, amanyuvesi nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezithuthukisa amaphrojekthi, ezifundisa futhi zisakaze iGeomatics nokusetshenziswa kwayo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezakha iSayensi Umhlaba."

Sincoma ukuya kuwebhusayithi yomagazini Ukumaka, lapho bazokwazi ukufinyelela kuwo wonke amabhuku abo abhethth.