Amapulatifomu we-GIS wamahhala, kungani engathandwa?
Ngishiya isikhala esivulwe ukucabanga; isikhala sokufunda amabhulogi sifushane, ngakho-ke ngiyaqaphela, kuzodingeka sibe lula ngokulula.
Lapho sikhuluma nge "Amathuluzi we-GIS wamahhala", kuvela amaqembu amabili amasosha: iningi elikhulu elibuza umbuzo
… Futhi yiziphi lezo?
… Futhi bakhona abasebenzisi babo?
Ngenkathi iyingcosana itholakala ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesiteji, ngezimpendulo ezifana:
... ngenza okuningi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali
Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani amapulatifomu wamahhala engekho ngendlela yabasebenzisi abaningi be-GIS.
1. Ijika lokufunda.
Endabeni GRASS, ukunikeza isibonelo, leli thuluzi lisebenza ne-Linux ne-Windows, enakho API ku-C kahle okubhalwe phansi, onakho izifundo iphelele impela, ngemva kokuyihlola saqinisekisa ukuthi yenza imisebenzi ye-ARGCIs, kanye nezandiso zayo ezimbalwa ezinenani lezinkulungwane zamadola.
… Kodwa ngubani okunikeza isifundo se-GRASS ezweni laseLatin America?
Angikhulumi ngokuqeqeshwa konjiniyela, bafunda ngokwabo, ngaphandle kwama-opharetha avamile wokuhlaziya indawo, ukucubungula isithombe, ukuguqulwa kwedatha ye-raster ibe yi-vector... lezo zinto i-GRSS eyenza kahle kakhulu. Impela ukunikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwe-GRASS kumele kube lula kakhulu, amahora angama-24 kuphela, kodwa umbuthano omubi wokuthi kunesidingo esincane kakhulu salezi zifundo kusho ukuthi izinkampani ezizinikele ekuqeqesheni azishejuli imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi ngalesi sihloko. Masingakhulumi ngezinye izinhlelo zamahhala noma zamahhala njenge-gvSIG, Spring, I-Saga noma i-Jump engaziwa kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke ijika elide lokufunda lenza abasebenzisi babize… ngendlela efanayo neLinux emahhala, kepha insizakalo esekelwa kahle evela kwaRedHat ibiza imali eningi.
I-2. Kulula ukuphazamisa kunokufunda
Kuyacaca ukuthi i-ESRI ne-AutoDesk zidumile ngoba ubugebengu bubanike isandla… noma ihuku. Nakuba ziqinile kakhulu, zihlukahlukene futhi ngokungangabazeki zisekelwa kahle yifemu ehloniphekile, inkampani encane noma encane ezinikele endaweni ye-cartographic kuzodingeka itshale okungenani ama-dollar angu-48,000 emikhiqizweni ye-ESRI ukuze nje iqale umnyango wokuthuthukisa abasebenzisi abangu-5 (ArcGIS , ARCsde , Umhleli we-ARC, i-ARC IMS… ngaphandle kweseva ye-GIS). Ngakho-ke amapulatifomu emithombo evulekile ayindlela enhle ezinkampanini ezithuthukayo, kodwa ama-opharetha ajwayelekile edeskithophu kuphela… azogqokisa iso, futhi asebenzise u-$1,500 ku-inthanethi :).
I-3. Kungcono ukuya nomuntu othandwa kakhulu kunezingcono kakhulu.
Sibona lesi siko ngisho nalapho sichitha imali, umsebenzisi uyazi ukuthi i-Mac ingcono kune-PC, ukuthi i-Linux ingcono kune-Windows, ukuthi amanye amathuluzi e-CAD angcono kune-AutoCAD; ngakho lezi zinkundla eziqhudelana njengoDavide noGoliyati zihlala ezandleni "zokhetha abasebenzisi" abakhokha amanani afanayo.
Ngenkathi ngisemncintiswaneni phakathi "okucishe kube mahhala" kanye "nokubiza", udonga luba lukhulu, izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngangi uthathwe ngu-gentile, ngokusebenzisa i-Manifold… noma ingekho mahhala. Ngakho-ke, sisebenzisa amathuluzi abiza u-$4,000 ukuze nje uhlale u-Geek, nakuba abasebenzisi abaningi bengenayo isofthiwe yelayisensi, izinkampani zenza.
...ekuphetheni, sibona ukuthi kuwububi obudingekayo ukuthi kunezinkampani ezinkulu, ezikhokhisa izinkulungwane zamadola ukuthola ilayisense ukuze isidingo salobu buchwepheshe siqhubeke. Futhi kuzoqhubeka kube obunye ububi obudingekayo, ukuthi iqembu liyaqhubeka nokulwa kusukela ohlangothini lomthombo ovulekile, nakuba iningi lizobabheka njengamaNerds.
Ukuphendula umbuzo bangibuza ngeposi:
I-GIS egijima ku-Apple:
- QGIS. Lokhu kwakhiwe phezu kwe-C++
-gvSIG. Yakhelwe ku-Java, ngandlela-thile inomkhawulo ku-Mac njengoba isebenza njengenguqulo ephathekayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuhle ku-Linux neWindows
-Vula Eqa. Ngaphezu kwe-Java, kodwa i-gvSIG ikhetha lokhu.
Okunye okukhethwa kukho kusebenza kuma-Paralells, okubangela ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows zisebenze ku-Mac.
Izincomo zami:
Hlanganisa i-gvSIG no-SEXTANTE, kulabo abangesabi iJava
Hlanganisa i-qGIS ne-GRASS, kulabo abakhetha i-C ++
Ukuthuthukiswa kwewebhu
I-GeoServer yeJava
ImephuServer noma i-MapGuide ngaphezu kwe-C ++
Kulungile Jc. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuvela ku-2007, manje sesibonile ukuvela kwemodeli evulekile, futhi sonke silindele ukuthi imiphumela yayo yokugcina izosimama.
ukubingelela
Ngicabanga ukuthi kuyinkinga yesikhathi sokuvula isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile, okudingekayo ukuthi kukhona umphakathi owenzayo.
Endabeni ye-gvSIG, lo mphakathi usebenza kakhulu futhi ukhula ngejubane elikhulu, ngezifundo eziningi zokuqeqeshwa ezindaweni eziningi nokusekela kwezobuchwepheshe. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngolwazi oluningi uhlelo luyehla futhi mhlawumbe i-ArcGIS noma enye isofthiwe yokuthengisa ikulungele kangcono futhi isebenza kangcono kakhulu. Kodwa umbuzo wukuthi ukuhlela kanjani idatha, okungukuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-GIS emiphakathini yomphakathi nezinkampani kuyanda, futhi ukuthambekela kumkhiqizi ngamunye wolwazi ukuchaza ulwazi lwayo kwizinhlelo zalo, bese uyifaka ejwayelekile emitholampilo yedatha, ngokuhambisana namazinga (i-WMS, i-WFS, njll) lapho esikhundleni sokugxilisa idatha, zihlukaniswa ngamaseva abelana ngolwazi, kanye nomsebenzi womsebenzi, isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile, njenge-gvSIG, ebhalwe kuJava, uma kuyasiza.
Ngiyethemba futhi ngiyibheja ku-software evulekile yomthombo, ngoba kwezinye izinhlobo zezinkambu, ithatha umhlaba kusuka kwisofthiwe yokuthengisa, (uhlaka olufana ne-Drupal, i-CMS WordPress, i-elgg, njll.)
Ikusasa likhona ekuxhumaneni nasekuhlanganisweni kwayo yonke isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile, ekugcineni uRichard Stallman uzoba khona.
Siyabonga ngokucaciswa kwe-Alvaro
Iphuzu, i-SPRING ikhululekile, ayikho mahhala.