Yenza imodeli yesakhiwo se-digital (MDT / DTM) nge-Microstation futhi uvumelane ne-orthophoto

Ngaphambili sasibukela ukuthi i-MDT yenziwe kanjani, namagundane wezinga nge-AutoCAD ukukhiqiza ama-curve ezingeni.

Uhlelo oluhle lokwenza lokhu yi-GeoPack, kusuka kwaMicrostation okulingana ne-Civil3D evela kwa-AutoDesk, kungenziwa futhi ngeDescartes, okulingana ne-AutoCAD Raster Design. Ngalezi zinhlelo isitaki sezinyathelo siyasindiswa kepha kulokhu sizokwenza kanjalo kuphela nge-Microstation V8.

1. Ifayela eliwumthombo

Sizosebenzisa ifayela esivele linomshini wamaphoyinti ngezilinganiso ezintathu, okuthiwa 220_Points.dgn, sasixoxile ngaphambilini ukuthi ungangenisa kanjani umshini wama-xyz amaphuzu avela ebhokisini I-Excel kuya ku-Microstation. Siyazulazula bese sivula "Amaphuzu” njengoba imodeli esebenzayo.

I-2. Idala imodeli yezwe

• Sakha iveli elisha (ungqimba) okuthiwa i-DTM
• Sikhetha umbala nohlobo lomugqa
• Senza izinga elisebenzayo
• Sikhetha wonke amaphuzu bese sithayipha kubha yomyalo wombhalo (izinsiza / ukhiye wokungena) “inkomba ye-mdl; ingxoxo yesici", ngaphandle kwezingcaphuno
• Khona-ke esihlalweni esilandelayo sikhetha ithebhu Ama-XY Amaphuzu bese uvula"Nweba Ukuze Unxande”, ukufaka ucingo lapho sifuna ukuthi uhlelo lukwazi ukuhlonza i-model yesimo

• Manje sicindezela inkinobho "I-Triangulate XY Points”

• Okunye ukusebenzisa le nhlanganisela yokufaka kwekhibhodi: isici se-mdl; i-facet triangulate xypoints. Lokhu kuzokhiqiza imiphumela efanayo, kususe imfuneko yokuvula amabhokisi ezingxoxo. Kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu kufakwa kwekhibhodi kuzosebenzisa isimo samanje (sokuvula/ukuvala) se-“Nweba Ukuze Unxande”.
• Phakathi nenqubo yokuzalwa, i-MicroStation izovula futhi iwindi elincane lombhalo bese ibonisa amanani amathathu alandelwa yizinhlamvu ezilandelayo:
  V - Inani lama-vertices entweni ephumela.
  F - Inani lobuso noma oonxantathu entweni ephumelelayo.
  C - Inani lezinto ezakhiwe ezixhunyiwe ze-mesh. Ngenqubo yoxantathu, leli nani kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi libe ngu-1.

I-3. Ilungiselela ukukhanyisa ukunikeza

Sizokwenza indawo, ngaphambi kokufaka i-orthophoto.
Ukuze uthole ukunikezwa okungcono kwalesi sakhiwo, sizoshintsha ukukhanyisa komhlaba kuqala.

• Sikhetha "Amathuluzi / Ukubonakala / Ukunikezwa / Ukukhanyisa Kwembulunga yonke” futhi ebhokisini lebhokisi eliholelekile silungise amanani ukuze avumelane negrafu elandelayo.

• Ukuze unikeze indawo, ebhokisini lamathuluzi elifanayo, khetha "Nikeza” futhi ulungise amanani kanje:
  I-Target = Buka, Imodi Yokubuyisela = Smooth, no-shading Type = Normal.
  Faka iphuzu ledatha ekubukeni kwe-isometric futhi ubabaze imiphumela yalo.

I-4. Ilayisha isithombe se-raster ku-microstation

• Ku-Raster Manager, khetha "Ifayela / Namathisela” bese ukhetha "220_Image.jpg”. Lesi sithombe sinereferensi ye-georeferenced, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi awuqoki "Indawo Ngokusebenzisana” kwebhokisi lengxoxo "isixhumanisi".

Sithola idatha elandelayo yezakhiwo zesithombe:

• Sibuyela kuzilungiselelo zereferensi ngokusebenzisa Umphathi we-Raster. Sizulazulela kuthebhu ethi “Indawo” futhi sibhala idatha elandelayo:
• Ubukhulu - Lokhu usayizi wokumboza isithombe, 5,286 amamitha ububanzi futhi 5,228 amamitha aphezulu
• Usayizi wePixel (Usayizi wePixel) - Lona ubukhulu be-pixe, kumayunithi amakhulu. Isithombe sethu sinosayizi wephisili we-1 wamitha.
• Origin (Umthombo) - Lona indawo ye-XY yekhoneni elingezansi elingakwesokunxele lesithombe. Ngakho ikhonsi elingezansi elingakwesokunxele lesithombe lihlelwe ngaphakathi XY = 378864.5, 5993712.5

I-5. Ukudala indaba esekelwe ku-photography yensiza (i-Orthophoto)

Isu lokudala izinto zisekudala ku-Microstation, njengesibonelo sokwenza okucacile; kulokhu sizolisebenzisa ukuze lenze libukeke njengento esizoyisebenzisa ukunikeza i-orthophoto njengeminye imifanekiso ngendlela yokhiye esetshenzisiwe.

• Kusuka ebhokisini lamathuluzi “RenderingTools”, sikhetha"Chaza Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo”.
• Uma ufinyelela le ngxoxo okokuqala, i-MicroStation izoba nehlangothini lwesobunxele nge-entry elingana negama lefayela. Lokhu kungukuqala kwe-a ithebula lenyama (ithebula elisezulwini) okuyinto ifayela enezandiso .mat. Ithebula lezinto ezibonakalayo ligcina izabelo ezibonakalayo ezakhiweni zefayela ezimazingeni akhethekile futhi zibe nombala othize.

• Kubha yemenyu, khetha “Iphalethi > Okusha”
  I-MicroStation iphendula ngokungeza “Iphalethi Entsha (1)” ngaphansi kwetafula lezinto ezibonakalayo.
• Lokhu sikuqamba kabusha ngokuthi “I-PhotoDrape” ukukhetha "Iphalethi / Gcina Njenge”, noma ngokuchofoza kwesokudla ekungeneni bese ukhetha 'Londoloza njenge ' kusuka ohlwini.
  Ngokukwenza lokhu, i-MicroStation ikhiqiza ifayela le-palette, elinesandiso .pal.

 
• Ukwakha okubalulekile sivula inkinobho "Izinto ezintsha” futhi siqamba kabusha ” Izinto Ezintsha (1)” njengo "Aerial"
• Ukuze unikeze isithombe esisemoyeni njengento esebenzayo, chofoza isithonjana esincane esigqanyisiwe kumfanekiso ongezansi bese ukhetha “120_Image.jpg”.

 

 

• Manje sisebenzisa idatha esasitholile ngaphambilini esithombeni:
• "Ukwenza imephu" a "I-Elevation drape”
  X Usayizi = 5286 futhi Futhi Usayizi = 5228
  I-Offset X = 378864.5 futhi I-offset Y = 5998940.5

• Sivala ibhokisi elithi "iphethini" bese silondoloza izinguquko ngokucindezela "Yonga” ebhokisini lengxoxo "Isihleli Sezinto".

I-6. Ukuvakasha I-Aerial Photography (orthophoto) eya ku-DTM njengenzuzo

 
• Sivala ibhokisi lengxoxo elithi "Material Editor" bese ukhetha "Sebenzisa Okubalulekile” ebhokisini lamathuluzi”Amathuluzi Okunikeza”.
• Siyaqinisekisa ukuthi sinamapareleli afanele kanye nezinto ezikhethiwe njengoba kuboniswe kusifanekiso esilandelayo.

 

• Siyacindezela "Yabela Ngeleveli/Ngombala” futhi sikhetha isici se-mesh esimele indawo.
• Kusuka ebhokisini lamathuluzi “Ithuluzi Lokunikeza”, sikhetha ithuluzi "Nikeza” futhi sishintsha izindinganiso ngendlela elandelayo:
  I-Target = Buka, Imodi Yokubuyisela = Smooth, no-shading Type = Normal.
• Manje senza kusebenze umbono we-isometric futhi usuqedile.

Ukuze lokhu okuthunyelwe sasivame indlela okwaboniswa Jorge Ramis i Geocities ekhasini elidala kuwufanele ukuhlenga ngoba ngolunye lwalezizinsuku le sevisi Yahoo ubalekela, lokhu lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu Askinga.

Izinguqulo zakamuva kakhulu ze-Microstation zinokusebenza ukwenza lokhu nge Izithombe ze-Google Earth kanye no-Bentley unayo izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla okwenza okuthile ukuphathwa kwamamodeli womhlaba wedijithali.