Ukuqashelwa okuqondiswe ku-GIS. Izinganekwane eziqhathaniswa nobuqiniso 

Ngemva kokufunda isihloko esiqala ngokubuza ukuthi yini abaqashi be-GIS abayifunayo ngempela, ngangizibuza ukuthi lezi ziphetho zingaba yizinga elingakanani extrapolate emazweni ethu avela kuwo amaqiniso awo angafana noma ahluke (mhlawumbe ahluke kakhulu) kunawakho.

Izinto 'ezisetshenzisiwe' ezisetshenziselwa ucwaningo yizo zonke izinhlinzeko zomsebenzi ku-GIS eshicilelwe kumidiya wokufinyelela omphakathi ahlukahlukene. Lezo zinhlinzeko eziphethwe yi 'abazingeli bekhanda' azifakiwe ngenxa yobuningi bokusakaza kwabo.

Amagama angukhiye asetshenziselwe ukuqopha usesho lomsebenzi kumawebhusayithi amathathu athandwa kakhulu eNew Zealand. "I-GIS, Geography, Indawo, Isikhala, Geography" kwakuyimagama asetshenziselwa le njongo.

Uma izaziso zibhaliswe, idatha eqoqwe ihlungiwe, isusa ama-duplicates kanye nama-positive positives. Ngokulandelayo, izici eziceliwe zendawo edingekayo zikhishwe kwesaziso ngasinye. Izimfanelo ezikhishiwe bese zigcinwa ziyi:

• Isihloko somsebenzi wokunikezwa
• Ukukhangisa okwenziwa yinkampani efake izicelo
• Imbonini esemqoka yomkhakha wesicelo
• I-GIS njengemfuneko eyisisekelo noma yesibili yomsebenzi oceliwe
• Amakhono ezobuchwepheshe adingekayo ezingeni lesofthiwe
• Indawo yesikhundla futhi,
• Umholo

Sicabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuma lapha nokugqamisa izinkinga ezithile ngaphambili ukwethula iziphetho zesifundo. Ake sibone:

1. 'Imboni ye-GIS' enehlelo nenkulumo edidekayo

"Esinye sezizathu ezenza ngenze lolu cwaningo kungenxa yokuthi ngifuna ukwenza indlela yokubhala inqume isakhiwo se-GIS imboni eNew Zealand. "kubhala uNathan Heazlewood, umbhali we- ukushicilelwa lokho esixoxe ngakho Futhi kuyilapho esihlokweni sethu "Amathuba amaningi"Sizama ukucacisa umqondo, konke kubonakala sengathi kubonisa ukuthi leli gama okwamanje Usakhipha ukungabaza okuningi.

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zihloko ezimbili engizothatha njengezibhekisela zivela kumlobi ofanayo nonyaka, i-2017. Ngizobe ngibheka, ngokuvuma kwakho, uhlobo oluthile lokudlulisela "emphefumulweni" ngokuhlaziywa ngoba, njengoba uzothatha kusukela ekufundeni, konke lihambisana.

"Imikhiqizo ye-GIS ingadideka. Kuyinkimbinkimbi "yizimpawu lapho uHeazlewood eqala khona ukuthunyelwa kwakhe"Izizwe ezinkulu zebhizinisi le-GIS”. Futhi uyaqhubeka, "Ukudideka akukuhle neze." Iphuzu lokuqala. Ingabe sinembile yomqondo? Futhi uma kungenjalo, okungenzeka kakhulu, singayithola kanjani igama esizoyibiza ngalo ndawo yomsebenzi futhi ngempela sivumele wonke umuntu siqonde ukuthi sisho ukuthini ngalokhu?

Nathan Good transcribes imigomo ngokuvamile ukusingatha: 'GIS Imboni', 'Space', 'Geomatics', 'geospatial', 'Isayensi Indawo', 'igatsha elithile Geography' futhi ekugcineni 'nezinye elithi abanye' ( I-apocalypse!). Yimuphi phakathi kwabo kufanelana kangcono?

Lokhu akuyona ingxoxo encane njengoba ungase ucabange. Ngenxa yalokhu 'ukudideka' kuqala ukuvela imibuzo enkulu kukuthinta ngokuqondile eziguquguqukayo ezintathu Umsebenzi esetshenziswa: isihloko 'umsebenzi edingekayo, ngezinga elingakanani GIS kuyimfuneko samabanga aphansi noma emsebenzini futhi, uyini wemboni eyinhloko inkampani umfakisicelo Ake siqhubeke

2. I-sweet charm yezihloko

Vele uthwebule isikhathi ingxenye encane izihloko ezihlukahlukene lasetshenziswa ukuze kubhekiselwe endaweni "endaweni professional" ekuhloleni Heazlewood ukuqaphela indlela esibonakala Tangled ukuthi luhlobo luni 'iziqu Jungle namahlelo':

Ukuba yisinyathelo esisodwa kude nokuminza, ngentokozo, sikhumbula isihloko esithi "Izizwe ezinkulu ...". Kulokhu, i-Heazlewood iphinda ibukeze ithempulethi yomsebenzi ewusizo kakhulu nokuthi, ngokombono wethu, isiza ngendlela enhle ukucacisa le panorama enesizungu.Iphuzu lesibili. Yebo, ngamakhadi ebhizinisi kufanele likhombise ukumaketha esihle somuntu siqu futhi kule isifiso ukuba sizinikele emhlabeni ngendlela engcono, baqala ukukhiqiza umehluko evelele kunazo: the 'iziqu', le 'junior' Yebo 'asebekhulile. Kungenzeka ukuthi othile usichazele ngokucacile ububanzi nemingcele ngamunye yezihloko ezibonisiwe? Uyazi?iyaqhubeka'isebenza phakathi kwezinye zazo? Umbuzo omuhle! Ngiphakamisa ukubuyekezwa ithebula eliphelele elishicilelwe umbhali kanye ne- ithebula elihlanganisiwe eyadalwa nguye esekelwe ekucwaningweni okwenziwe kodwa futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngobuchwepheshe bakhe obubanzi endaweni.

"Engingaphetha ngokuthi embonini ye-GIS kunezinhlanga ezine ezinkulu:

(1) I-'... Gists'

(2) The '… Graphers'

(3) 'Abalingisi'

(4) Ama 'Techies' ”

Ngomfanekiso uzama ukusisiza ukuthi siqonde umbono wakho:

Buka manje 'nencazelo yakho yencazelo':

"(1) I-'... Gists' ngokuyisisekelo abanye babahlaziyi bedatha be-GIS futhi nabasebenzisi abagxile ekuhlaziyweni kwesayensi (yingakho iziqu zabo eziningi zemisebenzi ziphela '… GIST'). Kufaka futhi (noma kungafaka) ezinye izinhlobo zabahlaziyi.

(2) Ama-'… Graphers' angabantu abagxila ekubonisweni noma ekumisweni kwedatha ngokwendawo, njengabasebenza ngemidwebo kanye 'nezihlobo' zabo.

(3) 'Abalingisi' yilabo bantu abaqoqa idatha yendawo besebenzisa zombili amathuluzi wokulinganisa nezokucabanga.

(4) Ama-'Techies 'yilawo asebenza njengohlobo lokuxhumana phakathi kwemboni ye-GIS nobuchwepheshe. Kubhekiswa lapha kubathuthukisi be-GIS nozakwabo abahlobene nabo. "

Emva kwalokhu okuhle kakhulu (ekuqondeni kwethu) incazelo, umbono wethu jikelele uyacaca, akunjalo? Ake sibuyele ekuhlaziyweni kwethu.

3. Iphuzu lesithathu. Izici ezithandekayo ukuhlaziywa

En indawo yokuqala, Ngalendlela, ngokusebenzisa isimemezelo esilula, kungenzeka ukuthi unqume ukuthi ngabe I-GIS ayiyona eyinhloko yomkhakha womsebenzi yenkampani efake izicelo?

Lokhu kubonakala sengathi akulula ukucacisa a priorikuchaza uHeazlewood, bese imininingwane:

• Kunezinhlangano ukuthi nakuba zizethula esidlangalaleni ngesithombe sokuhweba zigxile endaweni ethize, empeleni zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo embonini engaphezu kweyodwa. Leyo yinkampani yezinkampani zobunjiniyela ezingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezimbonini ezisezindaweni zokuxhumana, izinsizakalo kanye nokwakhiwa.
• Kukhona izinhlangano ezisebenzela ukwenza 'bamba' ngezigaba ezahlukene, ezifana Kungabangelwa Ministry of Transport angahlukaniswa esigabeni uhulumeni omaphakathi, kodwa kungashiwo futhi kahle oluthathwa ngaphakathi umkhakha zokuthutha.

Kuzo zombili izimo kungumgomo we-analyst, ngokusekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kwakho, ozokwenza izinqumo ezithathwa kalula.

En indawo yesibili futhi uqaphele konke, yini noma yiziphi amakhono ezobuchwepheshe adingekayo ezingeni lesofthiwe echazwe kwizaziso zokuqashwa kwe-GIS? Lapha, umbhali uyanda kancane:

• Kuvinjelwe ukucabangela 'imindeni yemikhiqizo' futhi kwaba nelungelo lazo imikhiqizo yesofthiwe yomndeni edingekayo, isibonelo i-AutoCAD esikhundleni se-CAD nje.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, 'amathuluzi ahlobene' afakwe ekuhlaziyweni, njenge-SQL noma i-HTML. Lokhu kunokwakheka okuningi. Futhi kusisiza sibe nokulinganisa kangcono kwalokho okufunwa yimakethe kithi.
• Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ezinye izaziso zichazwe ngaphezu kohlobo olulodwa lwesofthiwe. Mhlawumbe ngesifiso sokuhlunga bese uhlukanisa umphakathi onentshisekelo. Lapha sithatha isibonelo esibhaliwe ngumlobi, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kufanele sijwayele ngaphakathi kwezimo zabo. Uhlobo lokuhlolwa kolwazi, lapha siya khona:

“Siyinkampani esebenza no… (ibabble, ibabble, manje kufika into ethokozisayo) a) Silindele ukuqonda okubalulekile html5, css3 nesipiliyoni ulimi lwe-server, b) Ukuqonda imiqondo elandelayo kuyadingeka: Amakhora, CDN, xss, ukwamukela izihloko, DDD, CQRS, tdd, REST, nokuhlonza umcimbi, pub esincane, microservices SOA, MVC, mvvm, IOC, SOLID Dry y YAGNI"Simile, simile, saqhubeka:" Sisebenzisa coffeescript, SVG, d3, crossfilter, velocityjs, Ipheshana, momentjs, sokuqalisa, kancane, nodejs, gulp, redis RabbitMQ, expressjs, handlebars, oauth2, passportjs futhi docker... " Manje iphuzu lokugcina (kangcono ukuthi ngabe baqale lapha) "c) Abanye ulwazi izinhlaka ze-web mapping y Ubuchwepheshe be-GIS".

Qaphela ukuthi lithi "olunye ulwazi ku-GIS"Abazange bafune ochwepheshe? Kubonakala sengathi 'ubuchwepheshe'Akubandakanyi i-GIS kakhulu ... Kungcono siyiyeke lapho siqhubeke.

• U-31% wezikhangiso akazange acacise noma iyiphi i-software ethile (zisho kuphela izinto ezinjengokuthi “kufanele ube nekhono ku-GIS”). Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kungolunye uhlangothi lwesilinganiso. Futhi konke okufanele umlobi ubonisa: "Ngeke ukwaziwa ngokuqiniseka uma lezi zaziso zingenxa yokuthi abaqashi bacabanga ukuthi uma wazi i-GIS, wazi bonke, noma uma abaqashi bengayazi ukuthi yimaphi amakhono abawafuna ngokuqondile." Umbuzo othakazelisayo kakhulu, akunjalo? Ukwazi kanjani?

Igrafu ukubonisa ubuchwepheshe isofthiwe ihlelwe ngenani elikhulu izikhathi okuthiwa ngamunye isampula 140 izixwayiso ehambisana lale ukuhlaziywa:

Futhi ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo, siyazivumela ukuthi sibonise etafuleni, amathuluzi ayishumi aphezulu (10) aqoshiwe:

En indawo yesithathu, umholo. Khumbula ukuthi isifundo senzelwe iNew Zealand. Imali yayo, idoli laseNew Zealand (NZD), linokulinganisela 1 NZD = 0.72 USD (Idola laseMelika). Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi, njengoba kungamaqiniso ahlukile ezweni ngalinye, singakuthatha njengedatha eqondiswayo. Ebhokisini elibonisiwe, 'k' uzwakalisa 'izinkulungwane'

4. I-Fourth Point. Okuyiqiniso ngokuhambisana neFiction. Izixwayiso okufanele zicatshangelwe

Kubukeka sengathi kusobala ukuthi yonke ucwaningo olwethulwa emphakathini kanye (futhi mhlawumbe ngokubaluleka) iziphetho ezingathathwa kulokho kumele ziboniswe ubuchwepheshe besayensi futhi kufakazelwe iqiniso. UHeazlewood ubonisa ukwesaba ngakho ngakho futhi uyaxwayisa:

• Hlalani uqaphile uma ubona 'imibono' kanye 'namaqiniso ahlukene'. Kumele sikwazi ukubona labo 'ochwepheshe' obani okubikezelwa kwabo akusekelwe kulo ubufakazi sína Kunalokho, bahlose ukusabalalisa izinkampani abazimele.
• Hlala uqaphele 'imibono yezemibono'. Lezo zenzakazo ezenziwa 'ngokuzikhethela' ngokuvamile azifinyeleli amasampula amele amanga embonini, okungabangela iziphetho ezingalungile.

Qedela lokhu kucatshangelwa ngokuphakamisa ukuthi zonke izifundo zalolu hlobo kumele zishiye mahhala 'kwedatha yomthombo' wazo (njengoba zenza) ngoba abanye bangenza ukuhlaziywa okufanayo futhi  qinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukufinyelela eziphethweni ezifanayo.

5. Izilaleli ezihlosiwe zocwaningo kanye nezincomo ezithandwayo

Umbhali ubonisa ukuthi ungumfundisi kanye / noma umqeqeshi weziqu ezifundisiwe nabafundi be-GIS. Bathi "bavame ukuba nolwazi oluncane kakhulu embonini abazoyifaka, nokungazinaki amathuba emisebenzi ekhona kanye nezifundo / izifundo okufanele zilandele ukuthuthukisa amathuba abo okuthola imisebenzi." Konke lokhu kwakuyisizathu esengeziwe sokwenza ucwaningo esikukhulumayo.

Ukungazi lokho abantu abasha abakushoyo kuyiqiniso langempela kunoma yisiphi isimo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sigcizelela futhi sivumelana nombhali ngokubaluleka kokusebenza nedatha ethembekile evumela ukuthi sifinyelele ekuphethweni okuyiqiniso nokuyiqiniso.

Futhi njengoba kunoma yimuphi umqeqeshi ozimisele ukubeka bonke abafundi nabafundi ukuba bafunde umsebenzi wabo akufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu mayelana nokwazi nokusebenzisa konke amathuluzi aqanjwe esazisweni somsebenzi akopishwe futhi afakwa kuhlu ngenhla, okuthe ngokuqinisekile akhiqiza okungaphezu kwesisodwa inkampane kokuningi. Bese wengeza lokhu esinganqikazi ukukuhlanganyela nokuloba amagama nezwi: "UMA UNGENawo WONKE AMAKHONO ANAMAgama, UNGAKHATHAZI." Ukwengeza ngokubhuqa: "Ngizwile amanye alawo magama kuphela lapho ngisebenza khona." Isishiyagalombili iphuzu ukuze kuthathwe ngokucophelela.

Iziphetho zesifundo

Futhi safika! Siqokomisa lapha kuphela labo abasivumela ukuphawula okujwayelekile kamuva:

• Un 53% kwezaziso ezishicilelwe zithatha i-GIS njengesihambisana nezidingo ezicelwe isikhundla, kanti a 47% igxile kwi-GIS njengengxenye eyisisekelo yesicelo sakho.
• Ama-ejensi kahulumeni wasekhaya anikeza izikhundla eziphindwe kathathu kunezinhlaka zikahulumeni eziphakathi.
• I-15% yemisebenzi ku-GIS ihlobene nokuthutha, ukuphathwa kwempahla noma ukudiliva.
• Nsuku zonke eshicilelwe izaziso zomsebenzi ku-GIS eNew Zealand.

Amazwana wokugcina

Siyacaca ukuthi iqiniso lezwe ngalinye lihlukile. Noma kunjalo, asikwazi ukuyeka ukuzibuza mayelana nemvelo yethu:

• Ngakanani i-GIS edingekayo njengengxenye eyisisekelo eziphakamisweni zomsebenzi?
• Kuya ngokwahlukaniswa kwezombusazwe okuphathelene nendawo okuhlala kuyo, lapho izindawo zomphakathi - uhulumeni noma imboni ezimele iziphakamiso zemisebenzi ezinkulu kakhulu ezenziwe GIS?
• Yiziphi izindawo zemboni ezifuna kakhulu ochwepheshe ku-GIS?
• Ngabe kaningi amathuba okunikezwa komsebenzi avela ku-GIS kumidiya ahlukahlukene?

Imibuzo izimpendulo zethu okufanele sizame ukuzithola. Khona-ke siqeda lesi sihloko ngombuzo esithemba ukuthi kufanele ube yinye yamaphuzu wokuzindla komuntu siqu:

Uyakwazi ukuthi yiyiphi iqiniso lemboni ye-GIS kanye namathuba ayo kuleli zwekazi noma eliphakathi kwamanye amazwe?