Landa i-Google Earth ukuze izindawo UTM

Leli fayela liqukethe izindawo ze-UTM ngefomethi ye-kmz. Uma usulandiwe kufanele uyivule iziphu.

Layisha ifayela lapha

Layisha ifayela lapha

Njengoba nje isethenjwa ... izixhumanisi zezindawo zivela ekuhlukaniseni imbulunga yonke ngezigaba njengoba besingakwenza i-apula, ukusikeka okuqondile kwenziwa ngama-meridians (abizwa ngokuthi ama-longitude) futhi ukusikeka okuvumbile kwenziwa ngokufana (okubizwa ngokuthi ama-lat latini).

Ukuze sibhale izilinganiso, siqala ukusuka e-equator, enyakatho noma eningizimu ukusuka ku-zero ukuya ku-90 degrees emipulini, futhi la ma-halves amabili abizwa ngokuthi ama-hemispheres.

Maqondana nobude obude, lezi ziqala ukufakwa ohlwini kusuka kumeridiya waseGreenwich obizwa ngokuthi yi-zero meridian empumalanga, zibalwa zaze zafinyelela kuma-degree angama-180, lapho le meridian efanayo ihlukanisa umhlaba (obizwa ngokuthi yi-antemeridian), le ngxenye ibizwa ngokuthi " EMpumalanga ". Bese enye ingxenye ibizwa ngeNtshonalanga, imelwe ngokujwayelekile yi-W (entshonalanga), ama-meridians asaqala kusuka eGreenwich kepha aqonde kolunye uhlangothi kusuka ku-zero kuya ku-180 degrees.

Ngakho ukuhlanganiswa eSpain kungaba yi-Latitude 39 N nobude be-3 W, ukuhlanganiswa ePeru kungaba yi-Latitude 10 S nobude be-74 W.

Le ndlela yokunquma izixhumanisi ezingahlobene nokuphakama ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ngoba iyi-vector eqala ukusuka maphakathi nomhlaba iye phezulu, lokhu ukuqagela okusetshenziswa yiGoogle Earth, futhi nansi indlela yezixhumanisi ezisetshenziswa ngamafayela we-kml, ngokungeziwe kufakwa i-spheroid yesethenjwa, okuyindlela yokulinganisa ubuso bomhlaba ngezinhloso zokulinganisa. I-Google isebenzisa i-WGS84 njenge-spheroid yesethenjwa (yize kukhona amathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ufake izixhumanisi ze-UTM kuGoogle Earth). Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu kuqagela ukuthi ukuxhumanisa kuhlukile ebusweni bomhlaba, yize ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yokubala amabanga noma amabheringi akusebenzi "kwabangewona amajografi".

I-UTM iqondisa

Ukuxhumanisa kwe-UTM kusekelwe emcabangweni wokucabangela i-spheroid yesethenjwa esivela ekubonisweni kwe-cylindrical Traverso de Mercator. Umhlaba uhlala uhlukaniswe ngama-meridians, ngezigaba eziyisithupha zamadijithi akha ingqikithi yama-60, lawa abizwa ngama-zones. Ukubalwa kwalezi zindawo kuqala kusuka kuma-antemeridian, kusuka ku-zero kuya ku-60 kusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga.

Izingxenye ezikhiqiza ukufana zisuka ku-84 S ziye ku-80 N, futhi zibalwa ngezinhlamvu ezisuka ku-C ziye ku-X ("Mina" no "O" akhishiwe), isigaba ngasinye sineziqu eziyi-8 zobubanzi ngaphandle kwe-X enama-degree ayi-12.

I-A, B, Y, Z isetshenziswe ngendlela ekhethekile yokuthi i-polar iphelile; I-Google ayifaki le nxenye ngoba idinga ukulinganisa okungapheliyo endaweni enesithakazelo kuphela kubhere be-polar :).

Ezingqayizivele zezingxenye ze-Son 60 ze-6 degrees ngayinye, futhi

• I-Mexico iphakathi kwezindawo ze-11 ne-16
• I-Honduras ku-16 futhi iyingxenye ye-17
• I-Peru phakathi kwe-17 ne-19
• I-Spain phakathi kwe-29 ne-31.

Ukulinganiselwa kwe-spheroid yesithenjwa kufinyelela olwandle kwenza i-arc eyenziwe yile migqa ibe nezilinganiso ezifana ncamashi neqiniso lesilinganiso sendawo. Le spheroid yesethenjwa, ngaphambili (eyaduma kakhulu eLatin America) kwakuyi-NAD27, njengamanje i-NAD83 isetshenziswa kabanzi, eyaziwa ngabaningi njenge-WGS84. Ngokuba nenkomba ehlukene evundlile, ama-grid womabili ama-spheroid ahlukile.

Ngakho-ke indawo inoxhumano lokuqala x, y, esimweni seCentral America, umkhawulo phakathi kwezindawo 15 no-16 unokuxhumanisa okulinganiselwa ku-178,000 futhi kukhuphuke kuye ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kuka-820,000. Ububanzi bokuxhumanisa bufana nendawo ngayinye, ebangeni elifanayo kodwa siyacacisa, akuyona igridi ye-orthogonal kepha ngezinhloso zokulinganisa kwendawo, kuyafana. Imingcele phakathi kwezindawo iyavala, kepha konke kuqala kusuka ku-eksisi emaphakathi, lapho kune-meridian eqonde mpo ubude bayo obungu-300,000 obaziwa ngokuthi "empumalanga yamanga", ukuze kuthi ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla kwale meridian kungabikho amayunithi okungekuhle.
I-latitude (Y ukuxhumanisa), iqala kusuka ku-0.00 e-equator iphinde ikhuphuke enyakatho yezingxenye enezixhumanisi eduze ne-9,300,000.

Amamephu esiwaziyo ngezinhloso ze-cadastral, ngezikali 1: 10,000 noma i-1: I-1,000 ivela ekuhlukaneni kwalesi sigaba, ekuthunyelwe okulandelayo sizochaza ukuthi lokhu kuhlukaniswa kufika kanjani.

Nokho, izixhumanisi Geographic, ezifana 16N 35W uhlukile, a UTM Ukudidiyela njengabaphuma X = 664,235 Y = 1,234,432 kulingana iphuzu elilodwa eziphindiwe 60 izindawo ekuyi-latitude efanayo, kokubili e-North naseNingizimu; Kudinga indawo kanye nensimu ukuchaza lapho kungokwakhe.