I-QGIS 3.0 - Kanjani, nini nokuthi yini; kusho

Abaningi bazibuza:

Uzokhishwa nini i-QGIS 3.0?

Ngonyaka odlule (i-2015) ithimba lephrojekthi liqale ukuphenya ukuthi i-QGIS 3.0 izokhipha nini nokuthi kanjani. Bathembisa, ngokusho kokuthunyelwe okuvela Anita Graser, ezazizodlulisela ngokucacile kubasebenzisi nakonjiniyela bezinhlelo zabo ngaphambi kokukhipha i-QGIS 3.0. Basanda kuzama ukudalula okunye kokucatshangelwa kokukhishwa kwe-QGIS 3.0 futhi ekugcineni kokuthunyelwe kunethuba lokuthi wethule imibono yethu.

Kungani i-3.0?

Imvamisa inguqulo enkulu ibekelwe izikhathi lapho kwenziwa ushintsho olukhulu ku-API yesoftware yakho. Leli khefu aliyona isinqumo esincane ku-QGIS project ngoba singamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabasebenzisi abathembele kwi-QGIS, kokubili ukuzisebenzisela thina kanye nezinsizakalo ezinikezwa abantu besithathu.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuphula i-API kuyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe ukubuyekezwa kwesakhiwo ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe, imilabhu emisha kanye nokulungiswa kwezinqumo ezenziwe esikhathini esidlule.

Iyini imiphumela yokuphula i-API?

Esinye isizathu esenza le esephule-API e QGIS 3.0 ukuthi kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu, okuyinto ayengakwazi ukuphula amakhulu plugin athuthukile ukuthi ngeke ngiphinde ngibe iyahambisana ezintsha ze-API abalobi laba baye ukwenza ukubuyekeza ezenzekayo wayo ukuze iqikelele ukuthi ukuhambisana ne-API entsha.

Ubukhulu bezinguquko ezidingekile kuxhomeke kunani elikhulu ku:

• Zingaki izinguquko ku-API ezithinta ukusebenza kwamanje.
  Ngangaki amaphuzu abalobi be-plugin asebenzise izingxenye ze-API ukuthi bazoziguqula.

• Yiziphi izinguquko eziyinhloko ze-3.0?

Kunezindawo ezine eziyinhloko ofuna ukuzishintsha ku-3.0:

Qt4 isibuyekezo ku-QT5: Leli isethi eyisisekelo yemitapo yolwazi i-QGIS eyakhiwe ezingeni eliphezulu, sikhuluma ngezinga le-CORE-lokusebenza leplathifomu. I-QT futhi ihlinzeka ngamalabhulali ukwenza ukuphathwa kwememori, ukusebenza kokuxhumana, nokuphathwa kwezithombe. I-Qt4 (i-QGIS esekelwe kuyo njengamanje) ayithuthukiswa okwamanje ngabanakekeli belabhulali ye-Qt futhi ingase ibe nezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinye izinkundla (isb. i-OS X) futhi ikwenze kube lula ukuphatha izinguqulo kanambambili (isb. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Debian kanye nokukhishwa kwe-Debian okulandelayo. "Yelula"). Inqubo yokuletha i-QGIS ku-QT5 isivele inenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile (ikakhulukazi lokho u-Matthias Kuhn akwenzile) lokho kanye noMarco Bernasocchi abhema ku-Android "QField" okusekelwe ngokuphelele ku-QT5. Kodwa-ke, kunemikhawulo ethile ekwenzeni i-QT5 entsha iqale futhi isebenze ngenxa yomthelela wayo ku-QGIS - ikakhulukazi ngamawijethi esiphequluli sewebhu (isetshenziswa kakhulu kuMqambi kanye nezinye izindawo ezimbalwa ku-QGIS).

Buyekeza i-PyQt4 ku-PyQt5: Lezi zinguquko zihlobene ulimi Python ngoba Qt ku QGIS Python-API kusekelwe. Ophakamayo ukushintsha emtatsheni QT5 C ++, naye kulindeleke ukuba uthumele kulabhulali python PyQt5 ukuze bakwazi ukusizakala izinzuzo ezintsha ze-API e-Python QT5.
I-2.7: Ibuyekeza i-Python 3 ku-Python Njengamanje yonke into isebenza ku-Python 2.7. IPython 3 inguqulo yakamuva ye-python futhi inconywa yilabo abahola leyo phrojekthi. I-Python 2 ayihambisani neze ne-Python 3 (ecishe ilingane nokungahambelani phakathi kwe-QGIS 2 ne-Qgis 3). Abathuthukisi abaningi benze i-python Python 3 emuva kakhulu ihambelana nePython 2, kepha ukuhambelana okubuyela emuva akukuhle kangako.
Ukuthuthukisa i-QGIS API ngokwayo: Enye yezinkinga ngokugcina ukuhambisana kwe-API phakathi kwezinguqulo ukuthi kufanele uphile nokukhetha kwakho kwedizayini isikhathi eside. Yonke imizamo yenziwa ku-QGIS ukuze ingaphuli i-API ochungechungeni lokukhishwa okuncane. Ukukhipha inguqulo ye-QGIS ka-3.0 nge-API engasekelwe okwamanje kuzosinika ithuba "lokuhlanza indlu" ngokulungisa izinto ku-API esingahambisani nazo. Ungabona uhlu lwesikhashana lwe izinguquko ezihlongozwayo ze-3.0 API.

Indlela yokusekela ukushintsha i-3.0 API

Njengoba sekushiwo, inguqulo 3.0 izophuka nge-QGIS version 2.x futhi kunethuba lokuthi ama-plugins amaningi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhona nenye ikhodi esuselwe ku-API yamanje izophuka. Manje yini engenziwa ukunciphisa izinguquko? UMatthias Kuhn, uJürgen Fischer, uNyall Dawson, uMartin Dobias nabanye abathuthukisi abaphezulu bebefuna izindlela zokunciphisa inani lezinguquko ze-API ngenkathi beqhubeka nokuthuthukisa i-QGIS codebase isuselwa esizukulwaneni esilandelayo semitapo yolwazi kanye ne-API yayo yangaphakathi. Ngesikhathi somhlangano wethu wokugcina weKomidi Lokuqondisa Amaphrojekthi le-QGIS sisebenzise amathuba amaningi. Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa lokho uMathiyasi Kuhn akufingqe ngomusa nokuthi sizamile ukukuhumusha kulesi sihloko ngokusho ithunyelwe kubhulogi yakho:

Kunezinto ezimbili ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule mayelana nesiphakamiso sikaMatias:

Esigabeni sokuqalaUmsebenzi kwenziwa ochungechungeni ukuqedela 2.x ukwesekwa QT5, PyQt5 usebenzisa Python 3.0, ukusekela Qt4, PyQt4 futhi Python 2.7. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izinguquko ezenziwe esigabeni sokuqala zizohambisana nezinguqulo ze-2.x zangaphambili. izici Python esizofakwa ziyokhokhwa ukuze i-API PyQt4 ubudala ingasetshenziswa namanje ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganiswe ngokumelene QT5, PyQt5, Python 3.0. Uma usebenzisa i-QGIS eyakhiwe ngokumelene ne-Qt4, i-PyQt4 ne-Python 2.7 ngeke kube nokuhambisana kokuphazamiseka.
Esigabeni sesibiliKwakuphumelela ukukhiqiza QGIS 3.0, ethula i-API entsha, ngokuphelele ukususa Python 2.7, okuhlanganisa ukusekela Qt4 futhi PyQt4. Izici ezintsha e python ngokufaka isigaba sokuqala zizogcinwa, ikhumbula zonke ikhodi Python kanye nentuthuko ngoba 2.x izinguqulo QGIS bayaqhubeka besebenza kwi 3.x izinguqulo QGIS. Kulesi sigaba nawe kulindeleke ukuthi uqalise izinguquko ku-QGIS API engase iphule amanye ama-plugin. Ukuze kuxazululwe le lizokunika isiqondiso aa ukuthuthela zama lula yokufuduka izinguqulo 2.x QGIS 3.x QGIS izinguqulo.

I-Caveat emptor

Kukhona amaqhinga ambalwa okufanele abekwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukufuduka ku-QGIS 3.0 umsindo kunzima kakhulu.

• 1. SKumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenkathi indlela ebekwe ngaphezulu izama ukunciphisa inani lomsebenzi ku-python script in plugins, lokhu ngeke kube yi-100%. Kuzoba namacala amaningi lapho ikhodi kufanele iguqulwe futhi kuzo zonke izimo okungenani, kuzodingeka ukuthi ibuyekezwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle.
  2. Ayikho imithombo yezimali esungulwe ngokusemthethweni yokukhokhela abathuthukisi abazinikele ngokuzithandela isikhathi sabo kule nqubo yokufuduka. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukunikeza ngqo isikhathi esibekiwe sokuthi ingxenye ngayinye yenqubo izothatha isikhathi esingakanani. Lokhu kungaqiniseki kufanele kubhekelwe ekuhleleni. Vele iminikelo yamukelekile ukusiza ukwenza lokhu kwenzeke.
  3. Kungaba nabathuthukisi kanye nezikhungo ngaphandle lapho ezixhasa ngezimali izici ezintsha ze-QGIS 2.x series futhi lokhu kungathinta umsebenzi wakho. Kuyadingeka ukufaka ezinhlelweni nasezabelomali zalawa maphrojekthi, isabelo esithile sokubhekana nokufudukela endaweni yesikhulumi se-QGIS 3.x.
  4. Uma ithimba le-QGIS lisebenza "ngoshintsho oluphelele", kuzoba nesikhathi esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa lapho i-QGIS izolokhu ingazinzile futhi ishintsha njalo ngenxa yezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo ze-QGIS 3.0.
  4. Uma uthuthuka ngendlela 'yokuziphendukela kwemvelo', usengozini yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-3.0 kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside ngaphandle uma uneqembu elithembekile lonjiniyela abasebenza ngakho futhi bakulungisele ukuthuthwa.

  Iziphakamiso

Ngenxa yalolu lwazi olungenhla, omunye wemizila emibili yesenzo uhlongozwa:

Isiphakamiso se-1:

Ukukhipha inguqulo yesikhashana engu-2.16 bese uqala umsebenzi kunguqulo 3.0 njengokuza kuqala, ngewindi lokuthuthuka lezinyanga eziyi-8. Izinguquko ezenziwe kunguqulo 2.16 zizofuna ukusebenzisana nenguqulo 3.0 (bona i-python3 / pytq5).

Isiphakamiso se-2:

Lunging kanye 3.0 nge enwetshiwe ngaphezulu ubude ifasitela QT5, Python 3.0 futhi PyQt5 bese ubuza onjiniyela benze umsebenzi wabo e 3.0. Qhubeka nezinguqulo ze-2.x ngezikhathi ezithile kuze kufike i-3.0 ilungile.

Ezinye iziphakamiso

Unesinye isiphakamiso? I-QGIS inentshisekelo yokwazi ngezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa. Uma ufuna ukuhambisa isiphakamiso, sicela uthumele ku- tim@qgis.org ngesihloko esithi “QGIS 3.0 Proposal”.

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