I-Georeferencing ifayela le-CAD

Yize kuyisihloko esiyisisekelo sabaningi, sivame ukuvela ohlwini lokusabalalisa nasemibuzweni ye-Google. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukwakhiwa okusizwa ngamakhompiyutha kube ngaphansi kwendlela ye-Engineering, Architecture and Construction isikhathi eside, kanti udaba lwe-geospatial belunobudlelwano obugxile kakhulu ekuphathweni komhlaba. Asikwazi ukukuziba lokho nsuku zonke kokubili kuyala ukuguqulwa, kuya kokubili ukuthi i-AutoCAD ne-Microstation ihlanganisa ukubeka geore njengento evamile kusuka ezinhlokweni zamuva (AutoCAD 2009 up I-AutoCAD 2012 y I-Microstation XM kuya ku-V8i).

Noma a DWG noma a DGN bangaba ne-georeference ekhonjisiwe ezinhlelweni zabo, lapho bevulwa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-GIS elingaveli kumkhiqizi ofanayo, kuthatha ukuthi ifayela alinayo indawo. Mayelana nalokhu, i-georeference yamafayela e-CAD isesetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zohlobo olufanayo, okwamanje. Futhi uhlelo lwe-GIS ngeke lusebenze izimanga ukuthi ngabe ifayili likumadrayivu angajwayelekile noma endaweni engafanele yeCartesian.

Ake sibone ukuthi nini, kungani futhi njenge-AutoCAD nakuba kunjalo nanoma yimuphi omunye uhlelo lwe-CAD.

Kungani i-georeferencing ku-CAD inezinkinga zayo

Ngezizathu ezingokoqobo, izinhlelo zokwakha zenziwe ngaphandle kokucabanga nge-georeferencing, futhi lokhu kunezizathu ezahlukene:

• Senza izinhlelo zokufuna ukuqondanisa nesikrini. Yize emhlabeni wangempela isakhiwo sijikelezwa maqondana nenyakatho yezwe, lapho ukudweba singenandaba kakhulu nalokho, sincamela ukushintshanisa uphawu lwasenyakatho endizeni.
• Ngokuvamile izinhlelo zenzelwe izinhloso ezakhayo, ngakho-ke sifuna izindlela zokusiza ekudaleni izicucu kanye nezicathulo, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nokudala izakhiwo yokuphrinta kufana ne-geometry.
• Nakuba kunezindlela zokudala izinhlelo ezibhekiselwe kuzo, akusizo ukusebenza ngendlela engafanele, okungenani uma udweba izinhlelo ngaphansi kwesakhiwo sendabuko nokuningi lapho cishe konke kuklanywa ngendlela ehambisana ngayo.
• Uma sidinga ukwenza imephu yendawo, sivame ukubiza isithombe, i-orthophoto noma imephu ye-cadastral, siyijika futhi siyilinganise ngenhloso yemininingwane kodwa ngezikhathi ezimbalwa esicabanga ukuthi siyasebenza kanye naleso sikhala.

"Ukusebenza kahle kwezakhiwo zokwakha kumele kuboniswe, ikakhulukazi, ekusebenzeni kwayo ngokubona komuntu. Ukusebenza kahle kwezobuchwepheshe ngeke kuchaze ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo."

Alvar Aalto

Umklami wesakhiwo engisisebenzisayo njengesibonelo

Kungani i-georeferencing iyadingeka

Indlela yobudala yokwenza izinhlelo ishintshile, ukwethulwa kwe-modeling kwenza kancane kancane izinhlelo zivumelane nezici lapho umsebenzi we-3D usebenza khona futhi ukucutshungulwa noma amakhompiyutha kungumphumela walo.

Yize lokhu kungumkhuba, ezimweni eziningi amapulani aqhubeka enziwa ngohlelo lwe-2D. Kepha akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi lokhu akunakulungiswa, isidingo sokwenza ukugqwayiza, ukuhlaziywa kokuhlukahluka kwendawo kanye nendlela ye-BIM kuya ngokuya kubambezeleka Izicelo ze-CAD, njengoba kubonakala ku-Revit noma ArchiCAD.

Yisiphi i-georeferencing esho

Ukuze kube nokulinganisa, okungenani izici ezine kufanele zicatshangelwe:

1. Setha amayunithi abe amamitha.  Uma sizothumela ohlelweni olwenziwe njenge-UTM, kuzodingeka ukuthi amayunithi abe amamitha. Ezimweni eziningi, izindiza zingadonswa kusetshenziswa amamilimitha noma ngamasentimitha kuhlelo lwesiNgisi njengamayunithi.

Lokhu kwenziwa ngomyalo Amayunithi. Futhi lapho siguqula isibonisi sisuke kohlobo lwe-Architectural siye kuDesimal futhi ngamayunithi ukusuka kuma-intshi kuya kumamitha. Lapho senza ushintsho siyaqaphela kubha yomumo ukuthi ifomu lokubonisa liguquka kanjani, kepha ngalokhu asishintshanga isikali somdwebo, futhi uma silinganisa umnyango okufanele ulinganise u-2.30 ubonakala njengo-92, omele amayintshi amelwe ngu-7 '- 7 ".

Ngakho kufanele ulinganise umdwebo owodwa, kulokhu okulingana nokuguqula amasentimitha kuya kwamamitha, kungaba yi-0.0254. 

• Umyalo ukwenziwa isikali, iphuzu lokubhekisela likhethiwe, isibalo sesikalo sibhaliwe bese faka.

2. Hambisa ifayela uye ku- Ukuqondisa kwe-UTM.

Ngenxa yalokhu, izixhumanisi ezaziwayo zendawo ziyadingeka, zingatholakala nge-GPS, kusuka ku-orthophoto georeferenced, imephu ye-cadastral enesakhiwo esidonswe noma ekugcineni iGoogle Earth enezingozi okushiwo ukucacisa kwayo. Kulokhu, ngokwesibonelo ngisebenzisa iGoogle Earth:

I-1 iphuzu

X = 3,273,358.77

Y = 4,691,471.10

I-2 iphuzu

X = 3,274,451.59

Y = 4,691,510.47

Sidonsa la maphuzu ngomyalo iphuzu. 

• Umyalo uthayishiwe iphuzu, sekuphelile faka, isixhumanisi sibhaliwe kwifomu ye-3273358.77,4691471.10 bese senziwa faka. 

Ngendlela efanayo nangelinye iphuzu. Ngemuva kwalokho wonke umdwebo esizowuhambisa ukhethiwe:

• Umyalo Ukuthutha, sichofoza ekuqaleni okuhambisana nekhoneni lomdwebo ngaphandle kokuhamba, bese sibhala ukuxhumanisa kwe-1; ukuze singabhala futhi sisebenzisa umcibisholo we-cursor phezulu bese sithola lokho esivele sikufake esiteji sangaphambilini. 

Ngaleso sikhathi faka, umdwebo uzoya endaweni enentshisekelo njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni. Kuzofanele sisebenzise umyalo isilinganiso sokusondeza ukubuka. Noma kusuka kukhibhodi z, faka, e, faka.

Uma singaboni kahle amaphuzu, ungashintsha ifomethi usebenzisa umyalo i-ddptype.

3. Zungezisa umdwebo

Manje okushiwo ukushintshanisa umdwebo kusuka ku-node yesobunxele esazi ukuthi inhle.

• Konke okuzoshintshwa kukhethiwe, umyalo phenduka, i-axis of rotation ibhalwe ngokuchofoza ngakwesokunxele (iphuzu le-magenta), ukhetho lukhethiwe Inkomba, chofoza amaphuzu amabili achaza i-vector rotation, okokuqala endaweni ye-magenta bese endaweni ebomvu.

Lesi senzo sifana nokusebenzisa umyalo wokushintshanisa ngamaphoyinti amathathu we-Microstation, nakuba lapha kuhloswe kuthathwa njengesisekelo.

Yini enye eyenza ukuqondiswa kwemvelo kufaka phakathi?

Ngalokhu, ifayili alikhonjiswanga georeferenced. Lokho esikwenzile ukukubeka ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa olubekiwe, lapho inyakatho yalo ihlangana khona nendawo esenyakatho nendawo kanye nezixhumanisi ze-UTM.

Njalo lapho uyibiza kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-GIS, uhlelo luzocela idatha efanayo esho ukuqagela neDatum. Uma sinquma ukwenza lokhu ngehlelo lwe-GIS ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokulungisa kabusha kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi kuzokwenza lokho kuphela imodeli, the layout izolahleka kanye nezakhiwo ze-xml uma iphinde ithunyelwe ku-dxf.

I-AutoCAD iletha ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi indawo, ukuthi sizobona ngolunye usuku, kanye nokukhethwa kwe-georeference nokuhlaselwa kwe-Microstation.

4. Izinkomba zangaphandle

Ukwenza le nqubo kungaba ngezinjongo zesikhashana zokwenza i-3D animation, lapho kunganela ukuthumela uhlelo lokwakha. Uma sifuna ukukwenza njengesenzo esiqondile sokuqedela amaphrojekthi akhona, kufanele sibheke izinkomba zangaphandle -ukuthi sisisebenzisa ukusindisa ukusebenza ngamafayela amakhulu kakhulu noma ukuhlanganisa abasebenzisi abahlukene- kepha lokho kusho ukwehlukaniswa kwamafayela afanayo endaweni yokusebenza. Uma senza lokhu ngefayela, lezo kuzofanele zilungiswe nazo.

Futhi iqiniso lokuthi ngezinye izikhathi ifayela elifanayo likopishwa ngaphakathi kwalo imodeli, ngezinhloso zokunyathelisa ... ngenkathi becabanga ngokulahlekelwa izakhiwo.

"Ngolunye usuku noma kuphi, noma yikuphi lapho uzothola khona, futhi lokho, kuphela lokho, kungaba yinto ejabulisayo kunazo zonke noma ezimbi kunawo wonke amahora akho."

Pablo Neruda

Ngiyazi, ingxenye yeposi iyinhlangano, ukuphela akuyona into emfushane ye-maddening; kodwa ngokushesha noma kamuva kufanele sikwenze, ngaphezulu uma ikhasimende livela ukuthi ufuna ukubona into enjengale: