Idatha ku-cadastre

Isimo semigomo eminingi ku-cadastre siyabazeka kakhulu, isizathu akusona usizo lwaso kepha futhi nokusimama kwedatha. Uma senze ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile (kanye ne-capon rooster :)), kungenzeka ukuthi yonke "idatha" ilusizo kungekudala noma kamuva, kepha ngezinjongo ezisebenzayo, iningi lale datha liwumthwalo ekusimeni, esikhathini esimaphakathi ukuthunjwa noma ukuvuselelwa kwalo kungavunyelwa. Uma othile efuna ukwenza i-cadastre "multifunctional", Kufanele uzibuze izinto ezifana nalezi:

Ngubani ozobonisana nedatha?
Iyiphi izinga lokunemba elindelwe?
Ubani oyobuyekeza idatha?
Kungakanani okuzobuyekezwa?

Kungenzeka ukukhomba ukuthi akuyona yonke imininingwane eserekhodini le-cadastral "edingekayo" ngokushesha, kepha okunye ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile okuthi "abanye" (hhayi i-cadastre) bangaxhumana nakho kepha bangaze bakubuyekeze. Singabiza le datha ngokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile. Kukhona nemininingwane i-cadastre engakwazanga ukuyibuyekeza, hhayi ngoba ingakwazi, kepha ngoba ingagcineki noma kunesinye isikhungo esinezimo ezingcono (noma izintshisekelo), noma ngabe le mininingwane iyadingeka, ngoba ukuvuselelwa kwabo akuxhomekile ku-cadastre, kumele kubhekwe ukusetshenziswa kwesibili noma okuqondile. Ukuthi idatha "engenasidingo" incishiswe futhi kulandelwe enye yezimiso okuthathwe yi-INSPIRE, ethi ulwazi kufanele lubanjwe kanye kuphela emkhakheni, ukuphathwa kwedatha kuzoba okuqhubekayo.

Indlela ezithakazelisayo ukuhlukanisa idatha kusekelwe ebuhlotsheni bayo ne izikhungo zihileleke, kuhlanganise nalezi uMnyango kaMasipala Land Registry, umthetho iNational Land Registry, Registry Land, iHhovisi Kuhlela, njll Ingxenye enkulu yale ndawo eshintsha ngokuvumelana nemithetho yezwe ngalinye, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi usomqulu umhlaba "amaqiniso" futhi yini hhayi "kwenziwe" kungaba umthwalo lomunye Ngokwesibonelo, futhi ukwehlukanisa idatha bamba ensimini, nokuthi uzobe postprocessing.

I-Lemmen ihlukanisa ulwazi, kusukela ezibalweni ezintathu eziyinhloko zeCadastre: Into, Isihloko nokunene. Ngenhloso yezemfundo sikubizile Impact kanye nokuThengiselana emibhalweni yobudlelwane, (ngokuvamile ehlanganiswe nedatha etholakala ngokuhlaziywa kwe-post-capture) ukuze umsebenzi ulula futhi ukukhumbula:

Di-erecho (Ubuhlobo phakathi kwesihloko nento)
Aama-fectaciones (Ubudlelwano phakathi kwento nelungelo, okuhlanganisa izinto ezisemthethweni zendawo)
Transacciones (Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesihloko kanye kwesokudla)
Objeto (Indawo)
Sisihloko (Abantu ngabanye, bemvelo noma bezomthetho)

Isithombe esilandelayo siwumbono ka-2009, lapho siphakamisa lobu budlelwano. Ngonyaka wezi-2012 babe sebenemigomo eyayibekwe i-ISO 19152 (LADM).

Into, lokhu kungukubonakaliswa kweqiniso okungabhaliswa ezingeni lamamephu noma amadokhumenti. Lapha zivela lapho:

• Isakhiwo, okungenzeka sibe isakhiwo esincane, isakhiwo esiningi, isakhiwo esibhalisiwe nensizakalo (okwabelwana ngayo ku-condominium) kodwa ukuthi njengoba umthetho unama-geometry axhumene nedatha. Ukunemba kungumbuzo wokubaluleka kwe-cadastre nombono wesikhathi eside.
• Isakhiwo, esingafaka phakathi ukwakhiwa, ukulungiswa, ukuthuthuka, kanye nezimpahla ezingezona ezomthetho. Endabeni yasemakhaya, kuzophinde kube nokuthuthuka unomphela njengezilimo.
• Futhi kulelizinga amafa kungahle kube bikho dokhumenti isimo georeferenciado (ezifana njengencwadi efungelwe) uma njengoba iphuzu (ezifana nokutholakala komhlaba noma textoparcela iphuzu) kanye spaghetti (njenge CAD amabalazwe ngaphandle zokuhlanganisa geodatabase).

Isihloko, lokhu kuboniswa ngabantu, futhi kungenzeka kube ngabantu bemvelo, kungokwemvelo (njengezomthetho) futhi bangase babe namaqembu.

Kwesokudla, lobu ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu (izifundo) nezimpahla (izinto). Hhayi kuphela amalungelo wangempela abhaliswe ngokomthetho angafakwa lapha, kepha futhi nalawo eqinisweni, kepha akhombisa ukuxhumana kwempahla, ukuphatha noma ilungelo lokudlulisa.

Imiphumela, yizenzo ezithinta ngendlela enesisekelo noma ebekelwe imingcele ilungelo lokusebenzisa, isizinda, indawo yokuhlala, ukusebenzisa noma ukudlulisa into. Kuyafana impela nomthetho, kepha kuyisandiso salokhu ukuthi izinhlelo zokubhalisa zigcina ngokunikeza amagama amaningi (njengenothi eliseceleni) ngokungabi ukuncintisana kwabo, noma okungenani hhayi ukunemba kwalo. Lokhu kungaba ireferensi yamadokhumentari, kepha ngokujwayelekile baqala kokuqondana kwendawo okuthinta uzungu, kungaba ngumthetho womphakathi noma wangasese; Ngokwesibonelo:

• Umzila ophezulu wamandla, ovimbela ukusetshenziswa noma igumbi, kodwa hhayi isizinda
• Isitimela esingaphansi komhlaba, esadlula ngaphansi kwezakhiwo eziningi, sisebenzise futhi kwi-cadastre ye-3D, lapho impahla isendleleni enkulu yomphakathi.
• Uhlelo lokulawulwa kokunciphisa imithombo, evumela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ngaphansi kwenhloso yokukhipha amanzi.
• Indawo engaphansi kwezikhukhula, indawo evikelwe, ilungelo lokuhamba njll.

Ngokuvamile lezi zithinta zithatha isikhathi noma zingashintsha umphumela wayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; isibonelo:

Iphasela lingaba semgqeni wezomthetho; Ngezinhloso zokubizwa ngesihloko, i-ejido ichaza ukuthi ngubani okhipha isitifiketi sesizinda, kepha uma sesibhalisiwe singaphathwa njengesiyimfihlo yize singaphakathi kwesimo se-ejidal. Akuzange kushintshe isifunda sokuthinteka kepha umphumela.

Futhi izintambo aziphoqele ukwenza izingxenye zehhovisi, uma kungadingekile; isibonelo:

Iphasela lingathinteka kancane umngcele wedolobha, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwalo okuyingxenye, kodwa akudingi ukubahlukaniswe; ngaphandle uma umkhawulo wesigodi uthinta ukuthi ubani okufanele alayisume ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle.

Kanti futhi izintandokazi ziyi "amaqiniso" ngenkathi zingekho ngaphansi kwegunya elikhethekile eligunyaziwe; isibonelo:

Iphasela elingaphansi kwengxenye yomgwaqo noma indawo evikelekile. I-cadastre ithi "kufana nalokhu", kodwa kukwesinye isikhungo ukunquma isenzo ngezinhloso zokuzivumelanisa.

Ukuthengiselana, yizenzo ezenziwa kwilungelo elitholiwe. Lokhu kungaba: ukulinganisa, ukwakha, ukuvuselela, ukudlulisa noma ukuhlola.

Ukuthengiselana kufanele kuthathwe futhi kuvuselelwe yizinhlangano ezihambisanayo ngokomthetho. Ukubeka i-
isibonelo:

Ukuhlolwa Akusilo iqiniso, kepha kungukuthengiselana kwempahla, okwenziwa ngesikhathi esithile, kunendlela futhi ezosebenza inqobo nje uma kungekho ukuvuselelwa kwalokhu kuhlaziywa. Kepha ukuhlolwa akuhambelani ne-cadastre (njengedatha ejwayelekile), kepha kunalokho ukuthengiselana ngezinjongo zokuhweba noma zentela. Kusho ukuthi yidatha, yokusetshenziswa kwentela noma yezifundo zenani eliyinsalela; ukuvuselelwa kwawo kumele kube ngumthwalo womunye umnyango, noma ngabe kuthunyelwe umthwalo kwi-cadastre.

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Ukuvala kancane isihloko esizobuya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, singachaza ukuthi "idatha yezinjongo ezehlukene yokusetshenziswa okuvamile" kufanele yehliswe ibe ubuncane ngaphansi kwegunya le-cadastre, futhi kufanele ifunwe ukuwahlukanisa nedatha "yokusetshenziswa okucacisiwe okusetshenzisiwe" kwedatha. Uma nje izidingo eziphansi ze- izindlela eziyisisekelo we-cadastre: I-Fiscal, i-socioeconomic, ukusetshenziswa komthetho nokusetshenziswa komhlaba.