Guqula izithombe kuya ku-vector

Esikhathini esithile esidlule, amatafula we-digitizing abe yi-output for vectorize amamephu aphrintiwe, khona-ke isithwebuli sifikile, nakuba umsebenzi awusebenzi kuphela kumamephu askena kodwa amanye aguqulwe esithombeni noma pdf nokuthi asinayo ifomethi ye-vector.

Inqubo engizoyikhombisa isebenzisa i-Microstation Descartes, kodwa okufanayo kungenziwa kunoma yimuphi omunye uhlelo: I-AutoDesk Raster Design (Ngaphambi kwe-CAD Overlay), I-ArcScan, GIS ezininginingi (Amathuluzi Ezamabhizinisi), ngiyakhumbula ukuthi isikhathi eside ngenza nge Corel Draw.

I-1 Isithombe

Kunezici ezithile ezenza ukwenza i-vectoring kwenzeke ngaphandle kwekhanda elincane. Phakathi kwalokhu ifomethi yesithombe, i-png noma i-tiff izonikeza imiphumela engcono, kanti i-jpg cishe ayinakwenzeka; Ukuxazululwa lapho kuthunyelwe khona nakho kunomthelela, ngoba uma kuguqulwa kusuka kumodyuli wokuphrinta noma wokuthekelisa, bekuzoba nesikali esihlotshaniswa nosayizi wephepha, kukhulu usayizi wephepha, ukulungiswa okungcono kungalindelwa noma okungenani izimo ezingcono kune isikrini sokuphrinta esilula.

Isibonelo Ngiyisebenzisa kuyinto cadastral ibalazwe 1: 1,000 ukuthi bathunyelwe kusukela Microstation ukuphrinta module, a 24 "x36" ishidi TIFF.

I-2 I-georeference

Imephu efana nalokhu kulula ukulinganisa, ngoba inezixhumanisi emkhawulweni. Ngidonse amaphuzu ngokusebenzisa umyalo "indawo yendawo", Futhi ukungena ukhiye i-coordination kwifomu "xy = X ukuxhumanisa, Y ukuxhumanisa", Lokho kuyizingxenye eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwesithombe esingaphansi.

Ngemuva kwalokho ngibize isithombe esiyisithenjwa, ngisibeka ngaphandle kwalawo maphuzu. Ngemuva kwalokho ngibeke amaphuzu afanayo ngombala ohlukile, ngihlangana nolayini abaluhlaza, ngihlala ngisebenzisa ukuqina okuyihaba ukuze kubonakale. Ekugcineni ngisebenzisa i- "edit, warp" kusuka kumphathi we-raster, ngisebenzise amaphuzu amane wokulawula njengoba kubonwe kulo mfanekiso. Manje kufanele ukwazi ukwenza i-vectorize ukukala.

Nakuba Microstation V8i isekela ukubiza ifayela PDF njengoba isithombe futhi lokhu kungaba georeferenciarse nenqubo ngenhla, inqubo vectorization asisebenzi ngoba idinga unalo ilungelo. Kuzodingeka ukuyilayisha, bese uyisindisa njengesithombe (inkinobho yangakwesokudla, londoloza njenge...).

I-3 I-vectorization

Ngisebenzisa iMicrostation Descartes V8i. Yize lokhu kusebenza okufanayo ngezinguqulo ezedlule.

Yenza kusebenze amathuluzi we-Descartes.  Ngenxa yalokhu senza "amathuluzi, i-raster, i-raster ilahla ukuhlela”Futhi lokho kukhombisa ibha equkethe amathuluzi ayisisekelo okucubungula isithombe.

Masenzeni lo msebenzi ku-apula we-15 ukuchaza izingcaphuno okumele ukwenze:

Khetha imaski. Isithonjana sokuqala sikuvumela ukuthi wakhe amaski, ngokuya ngemibandela, kulokhu ngizosebenzisa imibala, ekhombisa ukuthi ngifuna ukufaka i-orange kumask. Kufanele usondele enkabeni yomugqa, bese ukhetha ibhokisi endaweni lapho umbala ubukeka uyisicaba khona. Ukulungisa umbala ofuna ukuwubonisa imaski, yenza ngenketho “ingxoxo yombala womaski"Ngokwami ​​ngikhethe okuluhlaza okotshani. Kungenzeka futhi ukudala izikhumba eziningi bese ugcine ukumiswa ngefomethi ye-.msk

Ngokushesha lokho okukhethiwe kumask okuguqukayo kumbala okhonjisiwe (oluhlaza). Ungangeza eminye imibala kumaskhi ofanayo, noma uyisuse.

Vectorize imibuthano. Sizokwakha imibuthano ebonakala ekubalweni kwamabhulokhi, ngoba lokhu kusicela indawo engaphezulu bese kufanele sithinte umugqa wombuthano ngamunye. Kulula kakhulu, ngisebenzise umbala we-magenta nobukhulu obenele bezinto ezibukwayo. Kufanele ucacise ububanzi bomugqa ophakeme, lokhu kwenziwa ngokulinganisa ibanga elidlula ububanzi bomugqa esithombeni. Ukulawulwa okungcono kufanelekile ukuyitshela ukuthi isule isithombe esenziwe nge-vectorised.

I-Normalization.  Ukugwema ukwenza ama-vertic amaningi ngenxa i-pixelated, kunikezwa isici sokujwayelekile. Isibonelo yinto engeyona eyejwayelekile, bona ukuthi imigqa ithinteka kanjani yi-pixelation.

Vinganisa imingcele nge topology. Manje ngifuna ukufaka imingcele enamadijithi, uma ngenza imaski ehlukile yemingcele yama-apula, kuzoba nenkinga yokuthi bebengeke bahlanzwe ngokwezihloko ezindaweni zomngcele zangaphakathi. Ukwenza lokhu ngifaka kumaskhi umbala we-orange nombala omnyama, bese ngithinta ama-vectors ngokuhlukile. Isiginali ukuthi zonke zizobekwa ngombala wesifihla-buso, bese zithintwa kuphela kusetshenziswa inketho "guqula imigqa"

Okulula, yilokho kuphela. Bona imininingwane enwetshiwe, yokuthi ama-node abonwe ngokugcina ukuqondana kwemvelo kuma-vertices, ama-node angagcinwa njengefomethi yefomethi ye-.nod. Ungakhetha ukuguqulwa kombala noma izinga lapho ufuna, yilokho engikwenzile ukwehlukanisa umngcele webhulokhi nempahla ngisho nokusebenza ngemaski eyodwa.

Guqula umbhalo. Kulokhu, kunamanye amathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ukhethe umbhalo ovundlile, ojikelezayo, ophindaphindiwe, phakathi kwabanye, ngokusebenzisa i-OCR. Lapho kukhona ukuguqula amabhulokhi (amaseli).

Ezinye izinketho ze-vector. Lapho imaski isifakiwe, imisebenzi engasetshenziswa ifaka:

I-4 Shintsha imigqa ngayinye
I-5 Guqula indawo yonke ehlelwe ebhokisini
I-6 Guqula zonke izinto ezixhunyiwe kumephu
I-7 Yakha imigqa yezingqungquthela, kufanele ibe kwifayili yembewu ye-3D.
I-8 Yakha imibuthano
I-9 Nciphisa ama-vectors, lokhu kungenxa yamaketanga elayini anamaqembu amaningi kakhulu

Ukuchaneka. Ngilinganise ibanga ukusuka ngaphambili kwempahla engu-2, futhi inginike amamitha angama-28.9611, eyokuqala ibingu-29.00, ukuyikhipha ngonyawo ngezinyawo bekungeke kwenze mehluko, kepha kuhamba kancane, netafula lokufaka amakhompiyutha bekuzoba kubi kakhulu. Kulokhu kunemba, kufanele kubhekwe izinto eziningana, njengekhwalithi
d ukuskena, uma ishidi awathintekanga, esikalini ibalazwe, izinga Pixelated futhi ikakhulukazi georeferencing yesigatshana 2 lokhu okuthunyelwe.

I-Vectorization enkulu.

Uma unesithombe sombala emibili, noma uma usheshe, kungenzeka ukwenze okubonakalayo okukhulu, nakuba lokhu kufanele ucabange ngezici ezithile:

• Uma imephu iqukethe imingcele kuphela, uma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwenziwa, kungenziwa kuphela.
• Uma imephu inemibhalo, ukulungele ukuguqula la kuqala, ngakho-ke amathuluzi wokuhlanza isithombe asuse izinto ezisele ezingcolile
• Uma ukuskena ngombala, nge scan eyamukelekayo, njengomuntu 1 ibalazwe ishidi: 50,000, ungenza umbala, nokwenza buso anamagama ewusizo (ukunquma nentaba imigqa, izakhiwo, imigwaqo, igridi, njll) ukuze silisebenzise ngakho imifino emifanekisweni ehlukene. 
• Uma unamashidi aqhubekayo, kungcono ukubizela bobabili, wenze izinguquko ezingenzeka ngokujoyina nokufaka i-vectoring eneziqephu ezikhethiwe ezikhethiwe.
• Kunconywa ukwenza ukuqondiswa kamuva, ikakhulukazi emajoyini nasezindaweni eziseduze nemigqa.