Guqula i-CAD idatha ku-GIS ne-ArcGIS Pro

Ukuguqula idatha eyakhiwe ngohlelo lwe-CAD kufomethi ye-GIS kuyindlela ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngoba imikhakha yobunjiniyela efana nokuhlola, i-cadastre noma ukwakhiwa kusasebenzisa amafayela akhiwe ezinhlelweni ezisizwa yikhompiyutha (CAD), enomqondo wokwakha ongaqondile ezintweni kodwa kulayini, ama-polygoni, ukuqoqwa kwamaqembu namalebula asezindleleni ezahlukahlukene (izingqimba) Yize izinhlobo ezintsha zesoftware ye-CAD ziqhubeka nokuba nendlela egxile entweni nokuxhumana nemininingwane yolwazi, ukuhambisana phakathi kwalezi zinkambo kusadinga izinqubo zenguquko.

Yini okulindeleke ukuthi itholakale: ukususa izingqimba kusuka kufayela CAD ukuze GIS, kamuva ihlaziya kwendawo, ngoba lesi sibonelo sisebenzisa ifayela CAD equkethe ulwazi komhlaba cadastral, ulwazi lokuhlola amanzi, okungukuthi emifuleni kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezakhiwa.

Okufanele ube nakho ekupheleni kwenqubo ungqimba lomhlaba, ungqimba lwemifula kanye nohlaka lwesakhiwo, isakhiwo sokuqala sendlalelo ngayinye sithobela isimo semvelaphi.

Idatha etholakalayo nempahla: ifayela le-CAD, kulokhu i-Dwg ye-AutoCAD 2019.

Ukulandelana kwezinyathelo nge-ArcGIS Pro

Isinyathelo 1. Ngenisa ifayela le-CAD

Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla kufanele ube nefayela .dwg, .dgn noma .dxf, (ifomethi ye-CAD), ikhethwe kusuka kuthebhu Map inketho Engeza Idatha, lapho kuseshwa ifayela elihambisanayo. Lapha kuqala kuleli phuzu inkinga yokubonisa imininingwane ngohlobo lwefayela, bekukhona ifayela le-.dwg ku I-AutoCAD 2019, lapho ungqimba ungena ku-ArcGIS Pro, uhlelo lufunda isethi yamathembo, kodwa kuthebula lesikhangiso kubonakala sengathi izendlalelo aziqukethe noma iyiphi into, njengoba kungabonakala kulo mfanekiso olandelayo.

Uma ubuka ifayela lokuqala, ku-AutoCAD Civil3D kungabonakala ukuthi linolwazi.

Ngaphambi kokuba ukholelwe ukuthi ifayela likhohlakele noma alikho ulwazi, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinguqulo zama-dwg ezamukelwe yi-ArcGIS Pro:

I-.dwg ne-.dxf

• Ukufunda, kodwa hhayi ukuthunyelwa: I-12 ne-13 inguqulo ye-AutoCAD
• Ukufundwa okuqondile nokuthunyelwa: Lwakamumva AutoCAD 2000 v15.0, 2002 v15.0, 2004 v16.0, 2005 v16.1, 2006 v16.2, 2007 v17.0, 2008 v17.1, 2009 v 17.2, 2010 v18.0, 2011 v18.1, 2012 v18.2, 2013 v19.0, 2014 v19.1, 2015 v 20.0, 2016 v20.1, 2017 i-v21.0 ne-2018 v22.0.

I-.dgn

• Ukufunda, kodwa hhayi ukuthunyelwa: MicroStation 95 v5.x, MicroStation SE v5.x, MicroStation J v 7.x
• Ukufundwa okuqondile nangokuthumela: MicroStation V8 v 8.x

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngesikhathi sokulungiselela lesi sifundo, i-ArcGIS Pro namanje ayikusekeli ukufunda nokuthumela idatha ku-AutoCAD 2019, ngakho-ke akukho ukuboniswa kwezinhlangano ekubukweni, into enesifiso sokuthi i-ArcGIS Pro ayikhombisi amaphutha ngesikhathi ukunamathela kwezendlalelo, futhi akuxwayisi ukuthi ifayela alihambelani nenguqulo. Layisha imininingwane ngesakhiwo se-CAD kodwa ngaphandle kwedatha.

Ngemuva kokukhomba lokhu, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi usebenzise I-Trueconverter ukuguqula ifayela le-dwg, kulokhu sikwenzile kunguqulo ye-2000.

Isinyathelo 2. Guqula idatha kusuka kufayela le-CAD kuya ku-SHP

Izingxenye ofuna ukukhipha zikhonjisiwe, uma yonke idatha ye-CAD iyadingeka, kumele sithumele kuphela into ngayinye njengejamo, uma i-CAD ikhethiwe, ithebhu ivela. Amathuluzi we-CAD, emathuluzi ongawuthola inqubo Izici Kopisha, iphaneli ivula ukubonisa imingcele yokufaka neyokukhipha; okokufaka ungqimba olukhethiwe, kulokhu kuhloswe, futhi okukhiphayo kungaba ifayela elihlukile noma i-geodatabase ehlotshaniswa nephrojekthi, uma uqinisekile ukuthi inqubo isenziwa futhi ungqimba luzofakwa kwiphaneli lokuqukethwe .shp

Isinyathelo 3. Hlaziya ukuvumelana kokubambisana okungaphelele

• Kukhona futhi igebe, elikhiqizwa kwifomethi ye-polyline uma i-GIS (ukuma) isuswa. Njengoba izimo ezivela ekutholeni isakhiwo sokuqala, izakhiwo kanye nomgodi kuleli cala, kufanele ziguqulwe zibe amapoloni, kuye ngokuthi icala kanye nemfuneko
• Kwemifula, inqubo yenziwa ngokujwayelekile, kepha-ke, kutholakala ukuthi umfula omkhulu kanye nemifudlana yawo kwakhiwa izingxenye eziningi. Ukuze ubajoyine, khetha ithebhu Hlela, - ithuluzi Hlanganisa, futhi ngalokhu ujoyine izingxenye ezihambelana nomfula omkhulu, futhi futhi ingxenye ngayinye yezinkampani zayo.
• Ungabona futhi ukuthi kusendlalelo equkethe imifula kukhona umugqa wokuthi, ngenxa yesimo sakhe nendawo, akuyona ingxenye yalolu ungqimba, uqedwa, ngokuhlela ungqimba obevele usudalwe.

Kungani kuvela ama-polyline nezinto ezingafani namajometri wamaphasela? Okufanelekile ukuhlanza izendlalelo zezinto ezingahambisani nohlelo lwe-CAD, noma kunjalo, ngezinhloso zalolu hlelo lwenziwe ngale ndlela. Njengesibonelo, ifayili eliwumthombo lalinebhulokhi le-3D elinokusonta okuthile, okuvela kufayela le-AutoCAD Recap, lapho limelwe ekubukweni kwe-2D iba yi-polyline.

Uma ngabe ukuxolisa kubuyekezwe ngaphambilini kusuka kufayela le-CAD:

Ukukhipha ama-polygoni akhona avela ku-CAD (1), ungenza le nqubo elandelayo njengoba yenziwa njalo ku-ArcMap: inkinobho yangakwesokunxele - Idatha - Thumela Izici,  ibonisa indlela yokuphuma futhi ifomu le-polygon lizovela kuphaneli lakho lokuqukethwe.

Kulesi simo, kwenziwa ngendwangu yamapoloni angaphambili kufayela le-CAD, elihambisana nezakhiwo, noma kunjalo, lapho izinhlawulo ze-polyline zibuyekezwa, ama-polygoni amabili angempela (i-2) ayengekho ku-CAD yasekuqaleni:

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi izintandokazi ezivela kufayela le-CAD ziyaziwa:

Kuthebhu yezintambo ze-CAD, ithuluzi Faka ku-Polygon, leli thuluzi lisetshenziswe uma kukhona ukuqiniseka kwedatha evela ku-CAD, sidinga ngefomethi ye-polygon. Uma wenza le nqubo, iphaneli ivuliwe, lapho icela ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi noma iziphi izingqimba noma izendlalelo ezizoguqulwa.

• Ibhokisi lihlolwe uma ufuna ukulondoloza izimfanelo ze-CAD, i-ArcGIS Pro igcine izinamba eziningi ngesitayela esithile salolu hlobo lwedatha.
• Uma lezi zinhlangano zihlotshaniswa nezichasiselo noma amalebuli we-CAD, lawa malebuli angagcinwa ngendlela ezobunjwa.

Kulesi simo, ifayela le-CAD "i-crap topological", Ngenkambiso eyedlule kwakunokwenzeka ukukhipha i-polygon eyodwa, ngoba ithuluzi alikwazi ukubona esinye isakhiwo ngoba livulekile, okungukuthi, akuyona i-polygon ephelele. ngoba lokhu ungqimba oludalwe ngama-polygons luhlelwe futhi isici sidalwe.

Endabeni yolwandle, ungakhetha ama-polylines akwenzayo futhi asebenzise ithuluzi ukuze enze umumo ngefomethi ye-polygon.

Kwenzekani ngaleli thuluzi, ukuthi kufanele ube nokuvikeleka okuphelele okuyizinto ezingamapoloniki; uma kungenjalo, kuzokhipha ungqimba ngamaphutha we-topology, ngoba izinhlaka zobunqamuli zihlangana, njengoba kuboniswe kusibonelo lapho uzama ukuguqula zonke izakhi ze-CAD ngaleli thuluzi:

Kulawulwa, ezingxenyeni ezizenzakalelayo eziyimpumputhe

Umphumela wokugcina

Ngemva kokwenza izinqubo ezihambelanayo zendatshana ngayinye sizoba nalokhu okulandelayo:

Ukuma kwezakhiwo kwifomethi ye-polygon

Imifula efomethi ye-polyline

Izakhiwo ezifomini ze-polygons

I-lagoon ifomethi ye-polygon.

Manje sesingasebenza futhi senze ukuhlaziywa okudingekayo, sicabangele ukubaluleka komsuka wedatha, ifomethi yayo nokuvumelana kwayo nezimo. Landa lapha ifayela le- umphumela wokukhishwa.

Lesi sifundo sithathwe kusifundo se-13 se- I-Easy ArcGIS Pro inkambo, okubandakanya incazelo yevidiyo nezinyathelo ngezinyathelo. Inkambo iyatholakala ngesiNgisi y en Español.