Ukuqaliswa kwe-LADM kusetshenziswa i-INTERLIS - Colombia
Ngesonto lesithathu likaJuni, i-2016 ifundise i-INTERLIS Course, ibonakala njengelulwimi nesixhobo sokusiza ukusebenza I-Domain Administration Model Model (LADM) endaweni yokuphatha umhlaba yaseColombia.
Inkambo yasungulwa ngezigaba ezimbili, esisodwa eziyisisekelo / ezingeni theory neqembu elikhulu izikhungo ezahlukene abasebenza ekuphatheni izwe, efuna ukuqonda ukuthi yini INTERLIS, ukusetshenziswa izicelo athuthukile, kanjani ingasetshenziswa futhi imiphumela isebenza Ukuphathwa Komhlaba emazweni aseCentral / Eastern Europe; usuku Yiqiniso yesibili kuzosebenza kangcono nge thimba longcweti thematic ezincane owayesemsebenzini ekwakheni imodeli LADM Colombia.
Inselelo ethakazelisayo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi umgqugquzeli we-Course Michael Germann, akekho omunye ngaphandle kwezikhulumi ze-LADM ezisuselwe ku-INTERLIS kumcimbi we-FIG wakamuva, kanye naye UJürg Kaufmann, UDaniel Steudler, uChristiaan Lemmen, uPeter Van Oosterom noKees de Zeeuw. Futhi ngithi inselelo, ngoba abalingiswa baleli zinga bavame ukuba nemikhawulo ngesikhathi sokudalula izingqinamba ezibhemayo phambi kwezithameli ezivamile nezamanje kumongo weLatin America.
Kuyini i-INTERLIS
Lulwimi olucacile lolimi (Ulimi lwe-Conceptual Schema - CSL), esetshenziselwa ukuchaza amamodeli, noma ingasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlelo, ikhethekile kumamodeli we-geospatial, ngoba ifaka izinhlobo eziningi zamajometri. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-INTERLIS akuyona isoftware, kepha ulimi olungathathi hlangothi oluzimele, olufaka nefomethi yokudluliswa kwedatha etholakala ngqo kwimodeli; I-INTERLIS nayo ayilona ulimi lohlelo, noma inesichasiso sayo sokuchaza amamodeli ngokunembile, kufaka phakathi incazelo yezingqinamba (izinkinga).
Ifomethi yokudluliswa kwedatha yi-ITF (INTERLIS-1) noma i-XTF (INTERLIS-2, i-xML) ethathwe, njengoba sekushiwo, kwimodeli yedatha kusetshenziswa imithetho ejwayelekile. Ukwahlukaniswa okuqinile phakathi kokumodela nokudlulisa (indlela eqhutshwa ngayo imodeli) kuyathakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba ukujula phansi kuveza ukufaneleka komusi we-LADM oye wafaka umbuzo ngokushesha Futhi yikuphi isihogo engikwenzayo manje?
Isizinda se-INTERLIS cishe sineminyaka engu-30 ubudala, lapho ngo-1989 abaseSwitzerland baqala ukungena ekusebenziseni amakhompyutha ngaphansi kwezindlela zesimanje. Nakuba basebenzisa ikhompuyutha ye-cadastre kusukela ku-70s, kungenxa yeProjekthi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-RAV (Ukuguqulwa Kwe-Cadastre Esemthethweni) ukuphakamisa isiphakamiso esinombono ophakathi osekelwe ekukhululekeni ekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela zomsebenzi we-cadastral. Kusobala ukuthi ukwethulwa kwalesi simiso kusikisela isidingo sokuba nesixazululo esizimele senkundla sokuchazwa kwedatha nokugcinwa, futhi yileyo ndlela i-INTERLIS-1 yazalwa ngayo ngo-1989. Ifilosofi yayo yokuzalwa ibalulekile, ngomthetho othi “ inkululeko ku- ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela”, ngoba ikhuthaza ukuthi umasipala ngamunye, umnyango, isifunda sendawo noma inhlangano yesikhungo ingasebenzisa ithuluzi elibafanele, inqobo nje uma bebambelela ku-INTERLIS, ukusebenzisana okuphelele kungafinyelelwa. Umshayeli wendiza wayesekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, ngo-1993 imodeli yokuqala ye-cadastral esemthethweni yanyatheliswa; Kuyathakazelisa uma sicabanga ukuthi uhlelo lwe-Cadastre 1994 lwaqala ngo-2014 futhi lwagcina lushicilelwe ku-1998.
Ngemva kwethulwa ezisemthethweni imodeli kuqala cadastral, zikhona izenzakalo amathuluzi okuqala Umhlanganisi ngokuqinisekisa isintheksi elungile tinkhulumo, Umhumushi kudlule imininingwane kusuka komunye imodeli kwenye, futhi XTF Checker ukuqinisekisa idatha ngokumelene imodeli; I-INTERLIS-1998 yasungulwa phakathi kwe-2006 ne-2 futhi ngalowo nyaka i-Checker enelayisensi yamahhala ishicilelwe. Ukuze 2007 INTERLIS iba ejwayelekile kazwelonke waseSwitzerland 2014 zikhona kakade 160 amamodeli SDI kazwelonke, ezichazwe ajwayelekile, phakathi kwezinye wadala isisekelo sokuthethelelwa kwethulwa entsha Land Registry Imikhawulo Law Public ku Property , ukugcwaliswa kweCadastre ye-2014.
Njengesiphetho sokuqala, i-INTERLIS akuyona ulimi lohlelo, kepha kunalokho ulimi lwencazelo nokudluliswa kwedatha. Yize kubhalwe ku-UML, kunezinye izinhlobo zedatha ezinjengokudluliswa kwedatha nokuvuselelwa osekuvele kungokwakho.
Izinzuzo ze-INTERLIS
Inzuzo eyinhloko "inkululeko yezindlela". Ukusekelwa kwemiqondo ye-Cadastre 2014 kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuphatha ukuzimela kwe-thematic ngamamodeli ngezindikimba kodwa ngaphakathi kwesistimu yereferensi efanayo; yengezwe ekuguquguqukeni kwayo ukuze idale amamodeli wedatha ngokujwayelekile, nakuba kungadingeka ukubona ukuthi ifana yini nombese webutho laseSwitzerland lokumodela.
Kuqondakala kalula ngochwepheshe be-IT nongoti bezokuphathwa komhlaba. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi nge-syntax nemithetho yokuthola ifomethi yokudlulisa, ingacutshungulwa futhi iqinisekiswe yizinhlelo zekhompyutha.
Ezinye izinzuzo zicabanga ukuthi zingasetshenziswa kalula, yize ngemuva kokubheka ibhukwana lamakhasi ayi-160… Kumele ngivume ukuthi kuthatha okungenani umzamo wesonto ukubona izibonelo bese uzama ukuzakha. Vele, ukuba nemodeli eyakhiwe ngesihleli se-UML futhi kamuva kukhiqizwe ikhodi yohlelo lokusebenza noma imodeli ebonakalayo yedathabheyisi nakanjani kuyaqhubeka… uma kwenziwa kahle, kunjalo.
Le manuwali ibhalwe ngesiJalimane, isiFulentshi kanye nesiNgisi. Ngenzuzo yokuthi lapho yamukelwa eColombia, kwenziwe umzamo wokukhipha inguqulo ngeSpanishi, okuyindlela esezingeni lokuthuthuka; Sithemba ukuthi sizotholakalela ukulanda maduze ku- www.interlis.ch.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-INTERLIS-1, INTERLIS-2 nezinye izilimi
Inguqulo ye-2 ye-INTERLIS iyinto ehlelwe yinto, iguquguquke kakhulu futhi isekela amakilasi ahlukene kakhulu; ihambisana ne-1 version futhi isekela kakade izandiso, imingcele eyinkimbinkimbi futhi idluliswa nge-XML.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izivumelwano nezilimi, i-INTERLIS inembe kakhulu kune-UML elula, yize konke kusekelwe kulolu limi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucaciswe kakhulu emkhakheni wezwe ngenxa yokufakwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto (amaphoyinti, imigqa, ama-arcs, izindawo nezindawo). Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-GML, kusiza ukuthengiselana, okungekho ngisho nakwi-LADM futhi kulabo bethu abaye bazama ukuthumela izinsiza ze-WFS besebenzisa i-GML siyaqonda ukuthi kunomkhawulo. I-INTERLIS manje nayo iyingxenye yelabhulali ye-OGR / GDAL (2.0) namafayela e-XTF angabukwa kusetshenziswa i-QGIS. Amanye amathuluzi Womthombo Ovulekile avumela ukwenziwa kwe-database schema ku-PostgreSQL / PostGIS, ukungeniswa kwedatha ku-schema nokuthekeliswa kufayela le-XTF (ili2pg). Futhi kunezicelo eziningi zokuphathelene nabafana abakhulu, i-GEONIS ye-ArcGIS esekwe ku-FME, iGeosPro evela eGeomedia, INTERLIS ye-AutoCAD Map3D.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngaphambili, ukusetshenziswa kwe-INTERLIS kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zamalayisensi e-freeware zokufaniswa nokuqinisekiswa kwemininingwane ejwayelekile, njenge-Compiler, Umhleli we-UML noMhloli.
Umhlanganisi we-INTERLIS usebenza ukuqinisekisa i-syntax yemodeli, i-INTERLIS Checker ivumela ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwefayela ledatha maqondana nemodeli echazayo, ukuze ukulisebenzisa kudinga imodeli (.ili extension) kanye nefayela lokudlulisa ( .itf noma.xtf); Futhi kudinga ukwenziwa kwesandiso sefayela le-.cfg lezimpawu zokumisa (lapho izidingo ezichazwa ngokuhambisana okuncane nemodeli zichazwa). Isihleli se-UML sisebenzisa umleditor.jar, sikuvumela ukuthi uhlele ama-schemas we-INTERLIS ngokubukeka. Okwamanje kuphela ngesiFulentshi nangesiJalimane. I-GUI ngandlela thile iqhathaniswa ne-VisualParadigm noma i-Enterprise Architect, kodwa-ke ilusizo kuzisekelo - futhi okuyingxenye enhle kakhulu ukuthi ikhiqiza ikhodi yemodeli ene-syntax eyiyo.
Indlela Yokusebenza
I-Course ekuqaleni yafeza umsebenzi wokuthi "i-geomatists akufanele yesabe amamodeli", okusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukufunda. Ngosuku lwesibili, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokuchaza Izihloko; endabeni yephrofayili ye-LADM yaseSwitzerland,
Izihloko ziyasetshenziswa:
- -Catastro
- - Isembozo somhlabathi
- -Izici Zokulawula
- - Amawebhusayithi e-Hydrosanitary
Endabeni ye-Colombian Model, ukulinganisa okwenziwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kwenziwa, ngezihloko ezilandelayo:
- -Catastro
- -Bhalisa
- -Ordenamiento Territorial
- njll
Khona-ke izihloko zabo zachazwa:
- -Izinhloso zeCatastro:
- -Control Point
- -Predio (Kuhlanganisa umhlaba nokwakhiwa)
- -Umkhawulo wokuphatha
- -Izigaba zokuhlela
- -Izigaba ezibonakalayo zomzimba
- - Izindawo zomnotho
- -Ek.
Ekugcineni, kuye kwayalwa ezinye izinkambiso zeModeli ye-LADM yamanje,, njengokuthi, uma izengezo zizosuswa, uma amakilasi ezoba ngobuningi… njll. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi izihloko zibe ngobuningi, kanti amakilasi asebunyeni. Ngakho-ke, vele endizeni, imodeli yahamba kanjena:
TOPIC Control_Points =
QAPHELA Points_of_control;
TOPIC Predios =
! Iphuzu lokulinganiselwa
! Umhlaba, owokwakha, ...
Ukuphela;
Imikhawulo ye-TOPIC =
! I-Administrative Division
! Ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba sendawo
Ukuphela;
Bese izinhlobo, izinhlobo ezingaphansi nemithetho ihlukaniswa; Kubukeka kuyinkimbinkimbi, kepha akunjalo. Ngokuhlukahluka imodeli yaseColombia enokwehluka kwayo, ezinsukwini ezimbili kube nokwenzeka ukwakha imodeli ye-INTERLIS ye-LADM eyakhiwe ngenyanga kaMashi. Ngokuqinisekile, abantu baseLatin America bathatha amathanga amaningi, ngokungeziwe ngoba zonke izizinda, izinhlobo nama-subtypes afakiwe kumodeli ye-INTERLIS; izinto ezingahlukanisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Bona ukuthi imodeli yaseDashi ilula kangakanani:
!! ———————————————————--
!!
!! !! ISO 19152 LADM iphrofayli yezwe NL ihlelwe nge-INTERLIS 2
!!
!! ———————————————————--
!! !! ukubuyekezwa komlando
!! ———————————————————--
!!
!! !! I-03.02.2014 / mg: inguqulo yokuqala
!! !! 17.11.2014 / mg: ezinye izilungiso ze-syntax
!!
!! ———————————————————--
!!
!! !! (c) Ukuphathwa kweMhlaba yaseSwitzerland (www.swisslm.ch)
!!
!! ———————————————————--
I-INTERLIS 2.3;
I-MODEL EHLANGILEYO LADM_NL (en)
KU-"http://www.swisslm.ch/models"
Inguqulo "2014-02-03" =
IMPORTS ISO_Base engavunyelwe;
I-IMPORTS ISO19107 engavunyelwe;
I-IMPORTS ISO19111 engavunyelwe;
I-IMPORTS ISO19115 engavunyelwe;
I-IMPORTS ISO19156 engavunyelwe;
IMPORTS EZIQONDISWE LADM_Base;
IMPORTS I-LADM engavunyelwe;
DOMAIN
UHLELOAngaziwaValueType =
ISIPHUMAAngaziwaI-WalulaIsiphequluli;
I-CLASS NL_SpatialUnit (ABSTRACT) EXTENDS LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_SpatialUnit =
ubukhulu (EXTENDED): LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_DimensionType;
umhlabaUkusebenza: I-LIST {0..5} YE-UnknownValueType;
ukuthengaPrice: Imali;
ivolumu (EXTENDED): LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_VolumeValue;
QAPHELA NL_SpatialUnit;
I-TOPIC LADM_NL =
I-CLASS NL_Party I-LADM.Party.LA_Party =
igama (EXTENDED): CharacterString;
indima (i-EXTENDED): i-LADM.Party.LA_PartyRoleType;
QAPHELA NL_Party;
I-CLASS NL_AdminSourceDocument EXTENDS LADM.I-Administrative.LA_AdministrativeSource =
bathi: Imali;
ukuthengaPrice: Imali;
QAPHELA NL_AdminSourceDocument;
I-CLASS NL_RRR (ABSTRACT) I-LADM.I-Administrative.LA_AdministrativeSource =
incazelo: CharacterString;
QAPHELA NL_RRR;
I-CLASS NL_BAUnit EXTENDS LADM.I-Administrative.LA_BAUnit =
igama (EXTENDED): CharacterString;
QAPHELA NL_BAUnit;
I-CLASS NL_RealRight EXTENDS NL_RRR =
uhlobo oluthengweUkuthengwa: (okunye);
thayiphaSold: (enye);
QAPHELA NL_RealRight;
I-CLASS NL_Ukukhishwa kwe-EXTENDS NL_RRR =
QAPHELA NL_Ukukhishwa;
I-CLASS NL_Mortgage EXTENDS LADM.I-Administrative.LA_Mortgage =
incazelo (EXTENDED): CharacterString;
END END NL_Mortgage;
I-CLASS NL_Parcel EXTENDS NL_SpatialUnit =
QAPHELA NL_Parcel;
I-CLASS NL_UkwakhaUnit EXTENDS NL_SpatialUnit =
QAPHELA NL_UkwakhaUnit;
I-CLASS NL_Network EXTENDS LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_LegalSpaceUtiliyNetwork =
ubukhulu (EXTENDED): LADM.Spatial_Unit.LA_DimensionType;
umhlabaUkusebenza: I-LIST {0..5} YE-CharacterStringListValue;
Futhi njalo njalo kuze ufune i-END LADM_NL
Ukungena ekwazisweni kwe-INTERLIS kumongo weLatin American kubonakala ngathi kuyinselelo ethokozisayo ye-Agustín Codazzi Institute kanye nezinye izikhungo ezixhumene ne-Land Administration eColombia, hhayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuxhaswa ngokwako okumelwe yiSwitzerland Cooperation kodwa futhi nesisindo esithile Izikhungo zaseColombia kumongo waseNingizimu Melika. Ngikholwa ukuthi ukwamukelwa okuhle nokwelulwa kwemodeli ezindaweni zaseCadastre, ezixhumene neRegistry Registry, Territorial Planning kanye neColombian Spatial Data Ingqalasizinda kuzogxila ekubukeni kwamazwe angaphezu kwesigaxa esiseningizimu.
I-INTERLIS izovumela ukukhululeka okulinganiselwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Land Administration Domain Model (ISO 19152), okungenani maqondana nokusebenzisana, ikakhulukazi ngoba kufinyeza indlela yokwamukelwa kwamafayela e-GML njengamafomethi wokushintshanisa, isebenzisa amathuluzi wokuhlola , ukudlulisa nokuqinisekisa. Kumele ucabange okungaba khona, ucabanga ukuthi iColombia nomthetho wayo omusha usuzoqala ukushanela kwe-Multipurpose Cadastre, okuzodinga amathuluzi wokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yedatha kuzo zombili izinkampani ezizimele kanye nochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe kanye nomasipala ababalelwa ku-1.100 XNUMX bazongena kancane kancane emjikelezweni wokudluliswa kwamandla yi-IGAC Cadastre noma izinhlangano ezisetshenzisiwe ... i-INTERLIS esebenza kahle kakhulu kuzo.
Ngamafuphi, i-geomatics kufanele ifunde ukuqonda amamodeli, uma kungenjalo, i-GML, i-UML, i-LADM kanye nalezi zici zizobukeka njengabahleli.
http://www.interlis.ch/index_e.htm
