Amathuba amaningi okusebenzisa i-Web GIS okwamanje

Isihloko sokubeka amazwana namhlanje I-Web GIS. Ngokuba 'okungahlanganiswa', kungase kuhunyushwe ngokuthi 'i-GIS kuwebhu', kodwa lokhu kusho ukuthini ngempela? Iyini indawo yayo? Kungani 'kunamathuba amaningi okufaka isicelo' njengoba kushiwo isihloko salokhu okuthunyelwe?

Kunezizathu ezinhlanu ezenziwa ngu-Eric van Rees isihloko, ukubonisa (nokusiqinisekisa) ukuthi iWebhu ye-GIS njengamanje iyindlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ye-GIS yesikole; futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi lokhu kuguquka kuhilela ukuhluka hhayi kuphela ngendlela Kanjani? sebenzisa i-GIS kodwa futhi yiziphi izidingo okufanele zibe nazo ukuze kusetshenziswe ukusetshenziswa kwe-geospatial technology.

Kungaba kuhle ukuzibuza ukuthi ngabe kubuyekezwa yini ngalesi sihloko, njengoba sicabanga ukuthi kufanele sibe, siyazi noma singakwazi ukuzitholela ukuze sibone ukuthi yini ikusasa Iwebhusayithi ye-GIS njengenjalo.

I-GIS ingaphezu kwe-CartographyEkuqaleni posits umlobi ke echaza ukuthi "ibalazwe ayisekho umgomo oyinhloko we umsebenzi, kodwa kunalokho kungaba yekucala Uhlaziyo luqhubeka nokuningi esibanzi." Lo mbono ngokwethembeka imephu ngokuthi 'ingxenye puzzle' libhekisela ukuba uhlelo olusekelwe ukuthuthukiswa GIS amaphrojekthi okuyinto indlela bekungaba ithuluzi zokusebenza. Uhlobo luni lwezinhlelo? Kubonakala sengathi, izindawo ezehlukene neminyaka engacatshangwa edlule njengoba sizobe sesibheka kamuva.

Futhi ukuthi i-GIS enjalo isidlulile yangena kumaligi amakhulu kusukela kulawo ma-60 akude lapho ibona ukukhanya. Njalo eminyakeni eyishumi entsha ushintsho lwenzeka: kolwazi "Kuphi kuyinto yini", Ngokuchazayo okuchazayo; ukwazi okuningi "Yini futhi kungani "of indlela lomisiwe noma inquma into ngokucacile nangokunembile, esibekela kwasusa amathuluzi amasha ngokuphelele futhi imiqondo geospatially ukukhuluma.

I-GIS manje idinga 'ukusebenzisana'. Kulolu shintsho oluguquguqukayo, umbhali uphinde abuyele emsebenzini, umsebenzi ngamunye uyasuswa. Kodwa kufanele ayeke okwamanje ngoba uthi umsebenzi ideskithophu GIS 'emidala' kwakudingeka noma "wamabalazwe uhlakaniphile 'noma' umhlaziyi GIS '. Lokhu kusinikeza intambo ejwayelekile engxoxweni mayelana nokuthunyelwe okulandelayo ukuphawula mayelana nokuhlolwa nomsebenzi ku-GIS. Kungaba mnandi lapha ukuzibuza (njengokuthi kusengaphambili) yikuphi kwamashumi eminyaka okuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-GIS njengamanje sisasebenza emazweni ethu... Kungcono ngikushiye lapha ngoba siphunduka esihlokweni esiyinhloko.

U-Van Rees uthi "okwamanje, abasebenzi be-GIS badinga ukusebenzisana nabanye abasebenzisi be-GIS ngenkathi bephethe kanyekanye yamaphrojekthi we-cartographic ". Lapha sigcizelela igama elithi 'simultaneity'. Lolu hlobo lwezinga lephrojekthi "multi-tasking" lapho umuntu oyedwa kuphela akwenzi kungenzeka (phawula umbandela) wenze umsebenzi ophelele ngokugcwele. Lokhu kunokwakheka okuningi. Kungenxa yokuthi imingcele yokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-GIS isandisiwe, ulwazi oluthe xaxa ezifundweni ezihlukahlukene liyadingeka. Umbhali kuba anamandla: "Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi GIS ubuchwepheshe ekubeni umkhakha ngokuya kancane okukhethekile (niche kancane, uma sihumusha ngokoqobo)".

I-GIS yamanje igxile kwimiphakathi. Lesi sitatimende esisha sinokubambisana nalokho okwashiwo ngaphambili. Izikhombisi zenziwa esimweni sokuhlangana okufanayo lapho izihloko ezihlukahlukene ziphathwa khona kanye nemvelo entsha lapho kusetshenzwa khona izimo lapho amathuluzi amasha nemiqondo emisha inegumbi. Awu, bangaki ngaphezulu? Umlobi usitshela ukuthi "ngezobuchwepheshe eziningi ze-geospatial ezitholakalayo, kuwukuthi akunakwenzeka funda wonke amathuluzi akhona emakethe "futhi weluleka," kungcono ngokukhethekile futhi kugxile kuqoqo lwezingqikithi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza iqhaza emphakathini obamelela wona. "

Lokhu kunengqondo ngokulinganayo. Ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi imininingwane ivuselelwa njalo, ukuthi lokho esikwaziyo namuhla kuzoba cishe-kungasebenzi esikhathini esithile, empeleni, kuphelelwe yisikhathi. Lokhu 'ukubuyekeza' okungapheli okufanele kwenziwe nguchwepheshe ngamunye njengenselelo yokuqhubeka 'nomsebenzi'. Imininingwane iku-Intanethi futhi sidinga isikhathi mhlawumbe nezinzwa edingekayo ukumboza konke. Iqiniso liwukuthi asikwazi. Yingakho izinhlelo zokusebenzisana i-GitHub, i-GeoNet, i-GIS StackExchange namanye amathuluzi afana nawo Ihabhu le-ArcGIS, esikhuluma ngaye manje ngenkathi siphawula ukuthi umbhali ubheka ngaphezu kwayo yonke imikhiqizo ye-ESRI ... Nokho, izinsolo eceleni, siyavumelana nokucabanga kwakhe.

Ukuhlela kanye ne-GIS manje ayinakuhlukaniswa. Sifika kwelinye lama-'core' okuthunyelwe kokuhlaziywa. Mhlawumbe kufanele sisebenzise ukuhumusha okungokoqobo 'elbow(sesivele sifika lapho siya khona, akunjalo?). Yize uVan Rees ephawula ukuthi, "izilimi ezihlelayo azihloselwe ukufaka okunye esikhundleni kepha kunalokho ukwandisa ubuchwepheshe be-geospatial", kusobala ukuthi ngeke ibe khona enye indlela yokwenza ukuthi kusuke 'imephu - ukuhlaziywa komhlaba' kuye ku-Web Service yamanje ngaphandle 'indololwane' phakathi. Futhi okokuqala ukhuluma nge-ArcPy, bese ekhuluma nge-API entsha ye-ArcGIS, esho ekudluliseni iSciPy Stack… Imitapo yolwazi namaphakheji asuselwa kuPython! (Pitoneros ... Present!) Futhi qaphela ukuthi sesivele siphawule mayelana nokubeka phambili kokufunda ku-Python.

Kodwa, asingakhohlwa, sidinga bonisa futhi wabelane ulwazi lwethu Bese bevela I-Jupiter Notebooks kanye nomphathi wephakheji Anaconda ukuthuthukisa ama-workflows osebenzayo.

Kepha umakhi wewebhu angabusebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe be-GIS ngendlela eqondakalayo kuye? Impendulo: ngokusebenzisa ama-Web APIs nezilimi zokuhlela. Ngakho-ke umphakathi we-GIS ususebenzise iJavaScript, iPython neR. Masihlale sibukele lapho, futhi sikhumbule ukuthi imiphi imiphakathi okufanele sisondele kuyo.

I-Desktop ye-GIS isiyingxenye ye-Web GIS. Kusukela ibhekisela ku-Google Amamephu 2005 ngonyaka futhi nakuba i-Google, njengoba umlobi usikisela, igxile kakhulu emakethe yabathengi geospatial professional, okuthiwa "GIS umkhakha" bangafunda izifundo ezibalulekile umsebenzi-Google.

Manje, yini esiyibiza ngokufanele ngokuthi "imboni ye-GIS" noma "imboni ye-geospatial"? Kungaba kuhle yini ukuthi noma iyiphi insimu / isizinda esisebenzisa ulwazi lwendawo kanye namamephu kuyingxenye yomkhakha we-geospatial?

Yebo kunjalo. Sikhuluma ngezimoto, amabhayisikili axhunyiwe, ama-UAV, iqiniso elingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, okungukuthi, bonke labo buchwepheshe obunedatha yendawo namamephu, kokubili kwangaphakathi nokujwayelekile, njengomunye wemithombo yabo eyinhloko yedatha. Okuthile okuthokozisayo nokwambula ngokweqiniso.

Yini eyayifundwa? Kwafundwa ukuthi lezo ezobuchwepheshe ezingashintsha ubuchwepheshe be-geospatial zingahlanganiswa. Ngokuqondile, ukusetshenziswa kwamafoni omakhalekhukhwini, uhlelo lwefu, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu, isayensi yedatha kanye ne-intelligence yebhizinisi, konke okuholela ekusungulweni kwengqalasizinda okungenakuqondaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-GIS. endaweni yangakini. iyisibonelo Ngakho umbhali, ungakwazi ukufinyelela izingxenye GIS efwini usebenzisa isiphequluli sewebhu, futhi ukwenza analysis geospatial usebenzisa Python.

Lokhu kuhlaziywa kumane kuyisiqalo sezingxoxo eziqhubekayo. Emthonjeni we-inki kukhona i-GIS efwini, kepha ikakhulukazi i-WebGIS ngokuzayo. Leli kusasa elizayo 'elihlakaniphile' lapho iWebGGIS ihlanganiswe kakhulu nokuphila kwansuku zonke kulelo kusasa 'lamadolobha ahlakaniphile' abaningi asebevele bewacabanga futhi okufanele sikulungele ukubamba iqhaza kuwo.

https://www.spar3d.com/blogs/all-over-the-map/many-faces-todays-web-gis/