Isimo sendawo sendabuko vrs. LiDAR. Ukunemba, isikhathi nezindleko.

Ukwenza umsebenzi nge-LiDAR kungaba nenembile kunokwamabalazwe avamile? Uma kunciphisa izikhathi, yiziphi amaphesenti? Kunciphisa kangakanani izindleko?

Izikhathi sezishintshile impela. Ngiyakhumbula lapho uFelipe, umhloli wamazwe owayenza umsebenzi wami wasensimini, efika ephethe incwadi yokubhalela enamakhasi angama-25 enezingxenye ezinqamulelayo ezokwenza amabalazwe omgwaqo. Angizange ngiphile isikhathi sokuhumusha ephepheni kepha ngiyakhumbula ukukwenza nge-AutoCAD ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iSoftdesk okwamanje. Ngakho-ke ngasebenzisana ne-Excel ukwazi ukuthi ngikubanga ongakanani ukubeka ukuphakama phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili eziphakeme, futhi la maphuzu abekwa ezingqimbeni zemibala namazinga ahlukene, ukuze ekugcineni ngiwajoyine nama-polylines engiwaguqule aba amajika.

Yize umsebenzi wekhabhinethi wawubuhlanya, wawungaqhathaniswa nomsebenzi wasensimini owawubuciko, uma ufuna ukuba nedatha eyanele yokwenza ukumodeliswa okwamukelekayo lapho i-altimetry ingajwayelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho kwafika iSoftDesk, eyandulela i-AutoCAD Civil3D eyenza lula ikhabethe neFelipe yayisesinye sezifundo zami ifunda ukusebenzisa isiteshi esiphelele, esanciphisa isikhathi, sandisa umthamo wamaphoyinti nokunemba kwangempela.

Isimo i-drones yokusetshenziswa komphakathi wephula amapharamitha amasha, ngaphansi komqondo ofanayo: Ukumelana nokushintsha kumasu wokuhlola kuhlala kufuna ukwehliswa kwezindleko kanye nesiqinisekiso sokunemba. Ngakho-ke kule ndatshana sizohlaziya imicabango emibili esiyizwile lapho:

I-Hypothesis 1: Ukuhlola nge-LiDAR kunciphisa isikhathi nezindleko.

I-Hpothesis 2: Ukuhlola nge-LiDAR kufaka ukulahleka kokunemba.

Icala lokuhlola

Umagazini I-POB kuhlelwe umsebenzi lapho kwenziwa khona umsebenzi ocwaningweni lwedatha, kusetshenziswa indlela ejwayelekile ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-40. Ngokwehlukana, emsebenzini wesibili ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva yathuthukiswa kusetshenziswa ukuma komhlaba kweLiDAR ngamakhilomitha angama-246 edamu elifanayo. Yize izigaba bezingalingani ebangeni, isigaba esilinganayo silinganiswe ukwenza ukuqhathanisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.

I -pography ejwayelekile

Ucwaningo lwesimo sendawo lwaqoqwa ngezigaba ezinqamulekayo njalo kumamitha angama-30, kwaqondana neziteshi ezikhona. Amaphuzu okuwela athathwe emabangeni angaphansi kwamamitha ama-4.

Umsebenzi wenziwe waboniswa ngamaphoyinti wenethiwekhi ye-geodetic, aqinisekiswa nge-GPS ye-geodetic eceleni kwamazembe, futhi kusuka kulawa amaphuzu ahlukanisiwe ahlolwa kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yeziteshi ezibhekwayo ze-virtual kanye ne-RTK. Kwakudingeka ukuthatha amaphuzu angeziwe emthambekeni okhethekile nakumasayithi wokushintsha ukwakheka ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwemodeli yedijithali.

Ukwahlukana kokusala phakathi kwamaphuzu awaziwayo kanye nezixhumanisi ezitholwe yi-GPS ziboniswe etafuleni, ziqinisekisa ukuthi ucwaningo oluvamile luqondile kakhulu.

Ucwaningo lwe-LiDAR

Lokhu kwenziwe nge-Autonomous Unit endiza ngamamitha angama-965, ngobuningi bamaphoyinti ayi-17.59 ngemitha eyisikwele. Baphinde bathola izindawo zokulawula ezingama-26 ezaziwayo base bebawela bamelana namanye amaphuzu ayi-11 oku-oda okuqala afundwa nge-GPS ye-geodetic.

Ngala maphuzu angama-37 ukwenziwa kwedatha yeLiDAR kwenziwa. Yize bekungadingekile ngoba izixhumanisi ezithathwe yi-UAV efakwe isamukeli se-GPS futhi elawulwa yiziteshi zesisisekelo, ithola ngaso sonke isikhathi ubuncane beziphuphutheki ezibonakalayo eziyi-6 kanye ne-PDOP engaphansi kuka-3. amakhilomitha angama-20.

Iqoqo lezindawo zokuhlola ezengeziwe ezingama-65 ezisetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwedatha ye-LiDAR. Mayelana nalawa maphuzu, imininingwane elandelayo eme mpo itholakele:

Endaweni yasemadolobheni: 2.99 cm. (9 amamaki)

Ensimini evulekile noma otshanini obuphansi: 2.99 cm. (Amaphuzu angu-38)

Ehlathini: 2.50 cm. (3 amaphuzu)

Ezihlahleni noma otshanini obude: 2.99 cm. (6 amaphuzu)

Isithombe sibonisa umehluko omkhulu womphakathi phakathi kwamaphoyinti athathwa nge-LiDAR ngokubhekene nezigaba eziphambene ezimakwe ezintantathu eziluhlaza.

Ukungafani kokuPhezulu

Lokhu okutholakele kungaphezu kokuthakazelisa, kuphambene nombono wokuthi ucwaningo lwe-LiDAR alufinyeleli ngokunemba kwenhlolovo ejwayelekile. Okulandelayo amanani we-RMSE (Iphutha lesikwele elisho impande), okuyipharamitha yephutha phakathi kwedatha ethunjiwe nezindawo zokuhlola eziyinkomba.

Umehluko Ngesikhathi

Uma lokhu okungenhla kusimangazile, bheka ukuthi kwenzekani ngokweqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokunciphisa phakathi kohlelo lwe-LiDar kuqhathaniswa nendlela yendabuko:

Ukuqoqwa kwedatha emkhakheni nge-LiDAR kwakungu-8% kuphela.

• Umsebenzi weKhabhinethi wawungeyona i-27% kuphela.
• Ukuqamba insimu + indiza + amahora weKhabhinethi ye-LiDAR ngokuqondene nedatha yasensimini + iKhabhinethi ejwayelekile yokudweba, i-LiDAR idinga kuphela i-19%.

Ngenxa yalokho, amahora angu-123 omsebenzi ngekhilomitha yezolimo ezivamile zanciphisa amahora angu-4 kuphela ngekhilomitha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amaphuzu Imininingwane ethumba phakathi nesikhathi kudliwe bamba izinqubo kanye iKhabhinethi, indlela ezivamile uhlukanisa etholwe 13.75 amaphuzu ngehora, ngokumelene kwezigidi ezingu 7.7 amaphuzu LiDAR ngehora.

Umehluko Ngesikhathi

Izindleko zale mishini yesimanje, nalezi zinzwa ezithwebula lelo nani lamaphuzu, zikhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi kumele ubize kakhulu. Kepha empeleni, ukuncishiswa kwezikhathi zokugqugquzela kanye nezindleko okushiwo indawo evamile, Izindleko zokugcina kumakhasimende wamakhilomitha angu-246 ziholele ku-LiDAR 71% ngaphansi kwezindleko eziphelele zamakhilomitha angu-40 enezithombe ezivamile!

Kubonakala kungavamile, kodwa intengo ngayinye yekhilomitha elilingene ne-LiDAR yayingu-12% nje kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa nokudweba okuvamile.

Isiphetho

Ngabe isimo seLiDAR sithatha indawo yesimo sendabuko ngokuphelele? Akunani ngokuphelele, ngoba umsebenzi neLiDAR uhlala unendawo ethile yokwakheka kwamaphuzu wokulawula, kepha kungaphethwa ngokuthi ngazo zonke izinzuzo zezindleko, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nesikhathi, umsebenzi neLiDAR ukhiqiza imiphumela cishe ngokunemba okufanayo kwendawo ezivamile.

Kuyohlale kukhona ubuhle nobubi; ukunemba okuphezulu kwesimo sendawo esivamile akunangqondo, kepha ubunzima bokucela imvume yokungena ezindaweni ezizimele, izingozi zokuthola ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile, isidingo sezikhala phambi kotshani obude nezithiyo… kuyahlanya. Vele, ukuminyana kwesembozo sehlathi nakho kuletha ukungalungi kwayo endabeni yeLiDAR, futhi nemingcele efanayo yobudlelwano phakathi kwamaphrojekthi amancane kakhulu.

Ekuphetheni, siyajabula ukwazi ukuthi ubuchwepheshe seyithuthuke kuze kube sezingeni lokuba yamaphrojekthi amakhulu njengoba ezihlongozwayo, kubalulekile ukuba ube yilungu engqondweni evulekile nokutholakala opt izindlela ezintsha futhi lokudala ukwenza sendawo.