cadastre

Isebenza kanjani Intela Yesakhiwo emazweni angama-27 omhlaba

Kusukela enkulumweni ka-Ignacio Lagarda Lagarda, igrafu ibonisa ubuhlobo bentela yendawo ngokuqondene nomkhiqizo owenziwe ekhaya waseLatin America.

intela yendawo ye-cadastre

Ukuqhathanisa iMexico maqondana nomhlaba, siyabona ukuthi lolu hlobo lwentela alumeleki kangako uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe omhlaba. Siyabona ukuthi iCosta Rica, iPanama, iBolivia, i-El Salvador neChile zingaphezulu, ngamanani afana nalawo aseSlovakia, eCzech Republic, e-Austria, eHungary, eTurkey, eJalimane, eNorway, ePortugal, ePoland naseFinland. Ngenkathi i-Uruguay, iParaguay ne-Argentina ziqhathaniswa neBelgium, i-Ireland, iDenmark, iSweden neGrisi. Akungabazeki uma sicabanga ukuthi i-GDP yamazwe amaningi kulawa ayinakho ukulingana nenkomba yeGini ngakho-ke iyimbangela ecatshangelwayo yokungalingani emphakathini.

intela yendawo ye-cadastre

Futhi isiko jikelele, kuyathakazelisa ukubona Umdwebo olandelayo ubeka ngokufingqiwe ukuthi intela isebenza 27 amazwe, lapho 62% eqoqwe Uhulumeni uyakwazi futhi 48% ohulumeni basekhaya noma omasipala.

Izwe

Isimo sentela yendawo

Canada

Abaningi bomasipala baqoqa intela kwizindlu zangasese ezingeni eliguquguqukayo, kuhlanganise nomhlaba, izakhiwo zokuhweba nezakhiwo zokuhlala. Abomasipala nabo bakhokhela intela ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo.

United States

Izibophezelo ezingezansi ezingeni likahulumeni ngokuvamile zibeka intela yendawo kumnikazi wabanikazi bezindlu. Ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo (nezinye izinto ezingabonakali) nazo zenani lentengo emazweni amaningi. Ukuhlola ngokujwayelekile kusekelwe kumaphesenti okubaluleka kwezebhizinisi. Izintela zomhlaba zithathwa intela yentela.

Rusia

Abanikazi bomhlaba kumele bakhokhe intela yentela ebalwe ngenani elisekelwe ngaphambili. Izinga lentela lihlelwe ngama-ruble futhi alinganisani.

Poland

Intela yendawo yasePoland ihlawuliswa kubantu ngabanye kanye nezinhlangano zomnotho, kubandakanya amabhizinisi ombuso kanye nokuhlanganyela okuhlangene. Intela ikhiqizwa ngokubaluleka komhlaba nezakhiwo, ezingasetshenziswanga ngokuphathelene nezolimo. Izindleko zentela ziyahlukahluka ngokohlobo lwempahla. Izinga eliphezulu liyizi: Izakhiwo zefulethini, i-PLN 0.18 ngamitha yesikwele, Izakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthengisa. 6.63 PLN per imitha square for nezinye izakhiwo, PLN 2.21 per imitha square for solar kwakhiwa, 2% ngokujulile ukubaluleka kwaso, umhlaba isetshenziselwe ukuthengisa, PLN 0.22 ngamunye imitha square.

Bulgaria

Bonke abanikazi bomhlaba eBulgaria bahambisana nentela yokwakha, isamba sentela liyigugu elinqunywe uhulumeni. Amanani ahluka phakathi kwe-0.2% no-0.6%. Intela kufanele ikhokhwe ngekota ngayinye komasipala.

ISlovakia

Imali yentela iqoqwe kubanikazi bendawo yokuhlala, futhi isisekelo sentela sicabangela kokubili umhlaba nezakhiwo. Amanani axhomeke kuhlobo kanye nekhwalithi yezwe, ubungako bayo nokubaluleka kwalo. Cishe zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala zitholakala intela yendawo. Izinkokhelo zixhomeke kulohlobo lwesakhiwo, nokusetshenziswa kwalo. Kuningi okuhlukile okusebenzayo.

I-Czech Republic

Abanikazi bomhlaba bangaphansi kwentela. Amazinga ahlukahluka ngokuvumelana nokusetshenziswa komhlaba (uma kwenzeka umhlaba wezolimo), futhi endaweni yawo futhi uthayipha, (uma kwenzeka kwamanye amazwe) Abanikazi bezakhiwo bangaphansi kwentela yokwakha. Amazinga ahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo ephansi futhi ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo.

ERomania

Intela yendawo yezakhiwo yonyaka, futhi ibalwa ku-1.5% yenani lesakhiwo. Intela yendawo yomhlaba iphinde ibe yonyaka, futhi ibalwa phakathi kwe-15 ne-L 120 ngemitha yesikwele. Intela yendawo yomhlaba wezolimo ihluka phakathi kwe-14,000 ne-L 45,000 ngehektare, kuye ngokuhlukaniswa komhlaba.

I-Slovenia

Intela yendawo ishicilelwe ngenani lezakhiwo, njengoba kunqunywe uhulumeni. Amanani okuqhubekayo asetshenzisiwe, hhayi ephakeme kune-1.5%. Ezinye izakhiwo azikhululekile. Intela yomhlaba iphinde isebenze emanzini.

Hungary

Intela ikhokhiswa kubanikazi bazo zonke izinhlobo zokwakha. Ingqalasizinda yentela ingaba yindawo ephansi ewusizo, noma ukubaluleka kokuhweba kwendawo, njengoba kunqunywe ngumasipala. Kukhona "intela engenziwanga phansi", okusebenza kuzo zonke iziqephu zomhlaba ezingakhiwa. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sale ntela yi-HUF 100 ngamitha yesikwele.

Australia

Intela yomhlaba yikhokhwa yonyaka okufanele ikhokhelwe yibo bonke abanini bomhlaba esifundazweni ngasinye, ngaphandle kwalabo ase-Australian Capital Territory. Esimweni ngasinye, sinikeza ukukhanselwa okuphelele noma okuncane kwentela ngokusho ukuthi ngabe indawo yindawo yokuhlala yomkhokhi wentela. Amanani entela ahluka phakathi kwamazwe.

Japan

Abantu kanye nezinkampani ezinezindlu ezihlala eJapane zitholakala intela yendawo ebizwa ngokuthi "Land Value Tax". Le intela ngu-0.3%. Isisekelo sentela ngokuvamile i-70% kuya ku-80% yenani lebhizinisi. Ezinye izinhlobo zendawo azikhokhelwe kule ntela, njengezwe elisetshenziswe ngabanye ukuhlala kwabo, uma nje indawo yonke ingadluli amamitha ayisithupha we-1,000.

I-Malasia

Intela yendawo yaseMalaysia ibizwa ngokuthi "Impahla Yomhlaba Yathola Imali". Le ntela ibalwa njalo ngosuku ngaphezu amanani iyancipha 20% kuya 5%, kuye ngokuthi inkathi ezihilela uzuza noma ozuze ngokwempahla ukulahlekelwa ezibhekwa ngokumelene intela ku inzuzo wathola khona kulo nyaka wezimali noma eminyakeni ezayo, ngaphandle uma kwenzeka kuba dispositions lamasheya inkampani yendawo yokuhlala. Umuntu othi uMalaysia angacela ukuxolelwa kwentela ukuze kusetshenziswe indawo njengendawo yokuhlala. Ukukhishwa kwe-RM 5,000 noma i-10% yemali engenayo, noma yinkulu kangakanani, itholakala yibo bonke abantu ngaphandle kwemingcele ngaphandle kokulondoloza isimo sabo njengezakhamuzi zaseMalaysia.

Singapore

Le intela ibizwa ngokuthi "Impahla Yentela". Le intela yonyaka, kanti izinga elifanele li-4% ngezindawo zokuhlala ezithathwe ngumnikazi, kanye ne-13% yazo zonke ezinye izinjongo.

China

Into esiyaziyo ukuthi izintela zikhokhiswa kwi-real estate kanye nenani lezwe.

I-New Zealand

Iziphathimandla zentela zendawo zikhokhisa intela kwi-real estate.

India

Abomasipala bakhokha intela yendawo.

I-Tailandia

Le intela ibizwa ngokuthi "Impahla Nezizwe Zomhlaba". Abanikazi bomhlaba noma izakhiwo ezindaweni ezikhethiwe bangaphansi kwentela yonyaka noma ngaphansi kweNtela Yentela Yentuthuko Yendawo ye-1965 noMthetho Wezezimali we-1965. Intela yentuthuko yendawo isekelwe kwinani elihlolwayo lezwe. Isilinganiso saminyaka yonke yi-12.5% yokuhlolwa kwezindleko zomhlaba.

Peru

Imali yentela isekelwe ezimisweni ezisemthethweni, futhi ikhokhiswa ezinhlanganweni zomthetho kanye nabanikazi ngabanye bezindlu zangasese ze-rustic noma zasemadolobheni. Intela ikhokhiswa ngenani elingeziwe layo yonke impahla ngokukhokha. Amabanga kukhona .2% yokuqala .6 intela amayunithi nanhlanu% eyeshumi nesithupha komunye sixtieth iyunithi intela, futhi 1% ukuthi idlule leli nani.

Guyana

EGuyana, intela yendawo yabizwa ngokuthi Property Tax, futhi yikhokhwa yonyaka ekhokhiswa "emithini enetha" ekupheleni konyaka. Impahla ephelele yinani lapho inani eliphelele laleyo ndawo yomuntu lidlula inani eliphelele lazo zonke izikweletu ezigcinwe lowo muntu. Le ndawo ihlanganisa yonke impahla yomuntu siqu kanye nengempela yomuntu, amalungelo omuntu noma yimuphi uhlobo, imiphumela yomuntu siqu (etholakala eGuyana noma kuphi), kanye nezinzuzo ezitholakala ekudayiseni impahla noma imali noma izimali ezimele lezo zinzuzo. Izikweletu eziningana azikhishwe ekubalweni kwempahla enetha, futhi inani lokudonsa lingenziwa enani lempahla lapho lelo xabiso lenza isisekelo sentela. Ngokwejwayelekile, intengo ekhokhwayo isetshenziselwa maqondana nomhlaba owatholakale ngemuva noma emva kwe-1 kaJanuwari ka-1991, kuyilapho inani lemakethe lisetshenziselwa maqondana nezinto ezitholakale ngaphambi kwalolo suku. Amanani entela yendawo yezinkampani yi-0% eya ku-G $ 500,00 yokuqala, i-0.5% kuya ku-G $ 5 wezigidi ezilandelayo, naku-.075% kunoma iyiphi enye imali ngaphansi kwentela. Amanani entela ngabanye yi-0% weG G1 5 million, i-0.5% yezigidi ezilandelayo ze-G $ 5 million, futhi .075% nganoma iyiphi enye imali ngaphansi kwentela.

Venezuela

Imali yentela isekelwe ekubalukeni kwendawo, ngokuya kokuhlolwa kwesigungu esithintekayo. Iholo ngokuvamile lizungeze i-0.1% yokuhlolwa. Le ntela yonyaka, kodwa ngokuvamile ayikhokhelwa kuze kube yilapho impahla ithengiswa.

Belize

Izimali ezihlukahlukene zibekwa yiziphathimandla zikamasipala emizini nasemadolobheni kuya ezindaweni zokuhlala. Intela nayo ivele yendawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kwemingcele yasemadolobheni. Intela itholakala ku-1%.

Costa Rica

Intela yendawo yabizwa ngokuthi intela yendawo, futhi ikhokhiswa ngokubaluleka okwakushiwo noma okwaziswa umhlaba kanye nezakhiwo ezihlala njalo, izakhiwo nezakhiwo, kufaka phakathi imishini kanye nemishini eyingxenye yokwakha. Intela kufanele ikhokhwe ngekota ngayinye. Izakhiwo ezinenani elingaphansi kwe-150,000 azikhokhiswa intela

ePanama

Izakhiwo zendawo yokuhlala ezisePanama, rustic noma emadolobheni, zikhokhwa intela yendawo ebizwa ngokuthi "Impahla Yentela". Abanikazi kumele bakhokhe imali ngokuya kwesilinganiso esiqhubekayo esivela ku-1.4% senani elingaphezulu kwe-balnas ye-10,000, ku-2.1% ngaphezu kwama-balboas we-75,000. Isisekelo se-value yinqunywe yiKhomishana yaseGround. Kunemibandela eminingi, kufaka phakathi izakhiwo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusetshenziselwa izinhlangano zemihlomulo noma izinhlangano zomphakathi noma lezo zakhiwo ezinenani eliphansi kunama-balboas we-10,000.

Ecuador

Omasipala baqoqa intela yonyaka ezindlini zasemaphandleni nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezibizwa ngokuthi "Izintela ezisemadolobheni nasemaphandleni". Intela isekelwe ekubambeni okusemthethweni ngaphandle kokuncishiswa okunye. Amanani aphansi kakhulu. Uma umkhokhi wentela enezindawo eziningana, amanani ahlelwe ngumasipala, futhi amanani asetshenziselwa inani eliphelele kumasipala.

Guatemala

Abanikazi bendawo yokuhlala eGuatemala kumele bakhokhe intela yendawo yonyaka ethi "intela yendawo eyodwa". Amanani asebenzayo yilawo atholakala ebhalweni lomthetho olusemthethweni, nakuba iziphathimandla zentela zingabuyekeza amanani. Izindleko zentela zivela ku-0% ye-Q yokuqala 2,000, kuya ku-0.9% nganoma yiliphi inani elikhulu kune-Q 70,000.

Honduras Abomasipala baqoqa intela yendawo yokuhlala yasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni kusukela ekuqaleni value cadastral. Ukubalwa kwe- intela yendawo yokuhlala yasemadolobheni cabanga ukubaluleka komhlaba kanye nentuthuko; ezakhiweni zasemakhaya, inani lezitshalo ezihlala njalo liyangezwa. Lapho inani le-cadastral lezakhiwo selibaliwe, kusetshenziswa isilinganiso esisuka ku-2.50 kuye ku-3.50 Lempiras ngenkulungwane, esingabuyekezwa kancane kancane ngamanani angadluli ku-0.50 ngonyaka. Ngokwengeziwe, umthetho unika amandla ukuthi njalo eminyakeni emi-5 amanani we-cadastral ayabuyekezwa futhi iphesenti kuvunyelwane ngalo nabantu.

Ithebula lithathwe ekukhiqizweni kuka-Miguel Ángel Montoya Martín del Campo encwadini yakhe ethi “Ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo kwesimo sentela yendawo emazweni ahlukene omhlaba”.

Golgi Alvarez

Umbhali, umcwaningi, uchwepheshe wamamodeli wokuphathwa komhlaba. Ubambe iqhaza ekucabangeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamamodeli afana nalawa: Isistimu Kazwelonke Yokulawulwa Kwezakhiwo i-SINAP e-Honduras, Imodeli Yokuphatha Yomasipala Abahlangene e-Honduras, Imodeli Edidiyelwe Yokuphathwa Kwe-Cadastre - Registry e-Nicaragua, Uhlelo Lokuphatha lwe-Territory SAT e-Colombia. . Umhleli webhulogi yolwazi lwe-Geofumadas kusukela ngo-2007 futhi umdali we-AulaGEO Academy ehlanganisa izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ngezihloko ze-GIS - CAD - BIM - Digital Twins.

Izihloko ezihlobene Nalesi

One Amazwana

  1. E-Colombia intela yezindlu kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokwakha ibizwa ngokuthi intela yezakhiwo, uhulumeni uyibeka ngokuthanda kwayo futhi iwubusela obukhulu kakhulu obungaba khona, kakade kunezinkulungwane zabanikazi, IKAkhulukazi ABADLA IMPESHENI abangakwazi ukuyikhokha , noma ngubani ongayikhokhi ekuqaleni konyaka angeke akwazi ukwenza lokho ngesaphulelo samaphesenti ayishumi futhi uma ingakhokhiwe ngesikhathi, uhulumeni ukhokhisa inzalo ngesikweletu esikweletwayo esingavunyelwe ukukhokhisa abantu bemvelo nanoma iyiphi inhlangano ezweni, kodwa Uma uhulumeni ekwenza futhi usebenza usuku nosuku, njengesibonelo ngiyakutshela ukuthi angikwazanga ukukhokha intela yendlu iminyaka emine ekugcineni ngakwazi ukukhokha ngemali mboleko futhi inzalo isivele inenani elifanayo. wesikweletu!!! Ngakho-ke iColombia iyizwe elikleliswe endaweni yesihlanu ngokungalingani nokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalo. Enkohlakalweni yosopolitiki KUFANELE KUBE OKOKUQALA.

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