I-CAD, i-GIS, noma kokubili?

... ukuthengisa amandla lokho okwenzayo Isofthiwe yamahhala inzima kakhudlwana kunokukholisa isikhulu ukuba enze icala elijeziswe (i-piracy) ngu lokho akukwenzi isofthiwe ebiza kakhulu.

Muva nje iBentley yethule umkhankaso wokukhuthaza iBentley Map, isebenzisa njengengxabano yokuthi akudingekile ukuthi icabange ngokuhlukile uma zombili zingaphathwa ngethuluzi elilodwa. Kulokhu, ukuphawula okuningana ukuthi sisondele kakhulu ekwehliseni igebe nokuyeka ukusebenzisa amagama i-CAD / GIS ngokwehlukana.

Kukhona amaphuzu ahlukene, abanye ngenxa yezici zezomnotho, abanye ngenxa yezizathu ezikhethekile, abanye ngenkani, kodwa ngokusebenza ngenqubekela phambili enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe, siyaqhubeka silwa nenkinga efanayo.

1. Icala elisebenzayo.  Kwenzeka ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-cadastre (ukusebenzisa isibonelo), ukwakhiwa kwe-vector kolayini abeluliwe, abasikiwe, abajikelezayo, abahudulwayo, izithombe ziyalayishwa, njll ziyaqhubeka ukwenziwa ku-AutoCAD noma kwi-Microstation. Uma sibuza ochwepheshe ukuthi kungani bekhetha lokho bazothi:

I-ArcGIS ayisebenzi kulokho

I-gvSIG inamathuluzi kodwa igijima kancane kakhulu (ku-Windows)

Izinto ezibonakalayo aziwazanga futhi awunawo amathuluzi anele

Imigqa yokuhlela ilula kune-polygons

Ukusekela i-IntelliCAD akufani

Ngakho-ke, kumelwe senze konke ukwakhiwa i-spaghetti, emazingeni ahlukahlukene, imibala, ubukhulu, bese eyidlulisela ku-ArcGIS lapho kwakhiwa khona amapholigoni. Uma senza lokhu siyathola amaphutha e-topological (lokho akuqapheli i-CAD), senza izinguquko futhi sibuya ukwenza izinguquko ku-vector, ngomjikelezo okuthi ezinqubweni ezinkulu uphele ngosuku olulodwa. Kepha enkambisweni yansuku zonke yokubuyekeza unomphela, ukushintsha i-CAD ne-GIS kuyikani eligcina liphenduke idatha engahambelani.

Khona-ke, uma sifuna ukwenza okuthile okuqhubekayo, siyifaka kwisitatimende sendawo (Ngifakazela, ngesibonelo), izixhumanisi ze-CAD, esizibona ezindaweni ezintathu zamadesimali kepha ezinokunemba kwezindawo ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 zedesimali, manje zinezintathu kuphela, okuphoqa ukuthi i-vector ingasafani ncamashi, inqobo nje uma ingathinti isivinini yezinqubo ku-database. Lapha ukuvuselelwa ngaphandle kwenqubo ye-topological kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Futhi mayelana nomnotho, umasipala omncane kufanele imali kulo isofthiwe ukwakha i-vectors enembile futhi okunye yenza amamephu amahle. Uma umasipala ucindezelwe noma (kholwa lokho) ayidingi uhlelo lobunjiniyela lokusebenzisa okungenani i-AutoCAD Lite eyodwa neye-ArcGIS kanye nezandiso ezimbili; Kodwa eshibhile, zingaphezu kwe $ 4,000 (ngaphandle kokufaka ukuqeqeshwa). Labo abasebenze nomasipala bazokwazi ukuthi kubiza malini ukuthengisa le mali kumgcinimafa ophethe okungaphezulu kweMeya.

Ngiyazi, kunabomasipala abangenazo lezi zithiyo, kodwa okujwayelekile komongo waseSpanishi ... uhlala eqinisweni ngenxa yezizathu zokufuna ukwenza i-GIS ne-CAD ngaphandle kokubhema i-astral.

2. I-GIS kufanele ibe namakhono we-CAD

Ngiyaqonda ukuthi uma kukhona ArcView 3x kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba amathuluzi wokuphathwa topologies ukwakhiwa vector, kodwa okwamanje angiqondi ukuthi kungani sibhekana nale amathuluzi GIS ukwenza kuphela lokho CAD (30 izinto)

• Izinkinobho ze-12 ezisebenzela ukudala (imigqa, ama-arcs, imibuthano, ama-polylines, amaphuzu ...)
• Izinkinobho ze-12 zokuhlela (parallel, copy, move, rotate, extend ...)
• Ukulawulwa okusebenzayo kwe-snap (xolela ukuphikelela kwami, kanye naku-CAD)

Impela sebenazo lezi zinto, kepha sikhononda ngenqubo. Kufanele zifane nokuthi zenziwa kanjani izinhlelo ezithandwayo, kalula ukuphatha izinkomba, amabanga, izixhumanisi, ukunweba, ukuhudula, ukusika ... akukho i-astral, njengoba kwenza i-AutoCAD noma iMicrostation. Mayelana nalokhu, okuhle kakhulu esikubonile kube ngumzamo we-gvSIG, okuthi esikhundleni sokuvuselela indlela yokwenza ama-vectors, aguqulelwe indlela yenza nge-AutoCAD, ngezigidi zabasebenzisi emhlabeni okwenza kanjalo (uyazi ukuthi i-AutoCAD inezinqubo ze-archaic). Kukhona umsebenzi wokuvuthwa ngejubane lokusebenza lapho ulayisha izithombe ezisindayo noma amafayela amakhulu; Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi isebenza kangcono kwiLinux, kepha hhayi ku-Windows, naku-a inselelo enamandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe izwe ukuthi ovulekile akudingeki ukuba unciphise.

3. Kukhona i-CAD esivele yenza i-GIS

Endabeni yeBentley Map ne-AutoCAD Map, lesi sikhundla kube ukudala amakhono we-GIS amathuluzi abesetshenziselwa ubunjiniyela. Inqubekelaphambili ibalulekile, akukho kungabaza ngakho, kepha kuze kube manje imisebenzi eminingi yokubonisa nokushicilela (amamephu apendiwe) ayinamandla kulokho i-GIS eyenza kahle (noma okungcono). Ngicabanga nokuthi ukusebenza kokuqalisa kwemisebenzi elula kuhlala ... ukudonsa izinwele; uma kungenjalo, ake sibone ukuthi bangaki abasebenzisi be-AutoCAD (izigidi) nokuthi bangaki (abangathanda) i-AutoCAD Map (noma i-Civil 3D); hhayi ngenxa yezizathu zamanani, ngoba ukuqhathanisa kungafana uma sikwenza nabasebenzisi abasebenzisa amalayisense ngonya. Iziphatha ngokufana neMicrostation neBentley Map, ngaphandle kokungena ekushicilelweni nasekusebenzisaneni (sicela).

4. I-CAD ne-GIS yizihloko ezimbili ezihlukene. 

Kunesimo (esisezingeni) esitshela ukuthi lezi zihloko zombili ziyizindawo ezimbili ezikhethekile nokuthi ngeke kube namandla okukwenza kokubili ithuluzi elifanayo; ingxenye yaleso sikhundla izuzwa ifa lethu leminyaka embalwa eyedlule:

... i-CAD yokwenza ama-vectors anembile kanye ne-GIS yamamephu amahle.

Kodwa lesi sikhundla esikhethekile, izinga lokuthi izindinganiso sezilokhu zikhula futhi zilungiswa yi-software engenawo mahhala, ilahlekelwe ukuqina, imizamo efana ne-OGC ohlangothini lwe-GIS, ukuqaliswa komqondo i-topology, ukusetshenziswa kwe-xml okuqhubekela phambili kumqondo we-BIM ohlangothini lwe-CAD, phakathi kwabanye, okwenze i-CAD ingabonakali njengebhodi lokudweba kodwa ingxenye yomsebenzi wezici zangempela (Architecture, Civil Engineering, Topography, njll).

Umkhuba uthi okukhethekile ngeke kube kwisoftware (i-CAD / GIS) kepha kuzoba endaweni yesicelo. Ukwenza isibonelo, ukuklama imigwaqo kufanele kube yinto ekhethekile yesoftware eyenza lokho, ngokunemba kwe-CAD kanye namandla okuyisebenzisela izinhlelo ezizosebenzisa i-axis ukwenza i-cartography ngaphansi komongo we-GIS. Ngokunjalo, ifayili lokwakheka kufanele lingene emlandweni futhi idatha ye-GIS kufanele ibe yisithombe sokuqhafaza noma samathebula weqiniso i-geometry yayo engahlelwa ohlangothini lwe-GIS, ibuze izimfanelo zayo, yazi ukuxhumana kwayo nenye idatha; ngenkathi kusuka ohlangothini lwe-GIS izethulo zayo ezinhle, ezixhumanisa nedatha futhi zikwazi ukuhlela ngokunemba okuzokwenziwa yi-CAD.

Kodwa ngenxa yalokho ... sithembekile ngobuqotho, hhayi ngoba akukaze kube khona kakade kuvezwe, amathuluzi amancane kakade enza okuningi, kepha kufanele uthuthele ama-software amakhulu ukuze uwasebenzise ngendlela ewusizo.

4. Njengoba ngibona

Ngicabanga ukuthi isikhashana, sizoqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezimbili ukumela impahla efanayo: ukuhlela i-vector yayo ku-CAD, ukuyihlaziya ku-GIS, nokukuguqula kukho kokubili. Ngokubona kwami, izinto eziningi esizenzileyo zilayishe intuthu enkulu kangangoba ilahle ubulula bokusebenzisa kwayo ngezinjongo ezisebenzayo nokumaketha kwezobuchwepheshe (inkinga) kusenze sakhohlwa isizathu sokusungula komuntu (ukuxazulula izinkinga).

Itafula lokudweba lalinenkazimulo yalo, ngoba akekho noyedwa owasungula enye indlela yokwenza imidwebo ngesandla, izisuli zikagesi zanezelwa kokunye kepha ukwenziwa kwendlela yokusebenza kwabo kwakungekhona kokuqukethwe kwetafula kepha kulokho esakwenza lapho. I-Cartography yayenza amamephu ngaphansi kwamazinga we-systematised esikalini nokubaluleka, sacabanga ngokukuphrinta kepha asikaze singabaze ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinjongo zabantu.

Akufanele silahle ulwazi, ngoba manje ubuchwepheshe kufanele bube lula kithi futhi bukhulise ukusetshenziswa kwaso. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kufike isikhathi lapho utshalomali luyeka ukuba mayelana namafomethi, amaprosesa, amaphikseli, amalebula nemikhiqizo, ukutshala isikhathi ngesizathu esidalelwe sona: UKUSETSHENZISWA KWAZO Ngenxa yalokho, njengakuqala, sizinikele ekwenzeni ibhizinisi, ingcebo kanye nezinzuzo kubantu.

Kepha lo mbono uyinkohliso, futhi ngokubona kwami, kule minyaka engu-5 ezayo, ngenqwaba yamaphrojekthi ezingeni eliphakanyiswe ekuqaleni, sizoqhubeka nokwenza izinto ngokufanayo (bheka, asiqedele ukukwenza kuGoogle Earth). Futhi abakhiqizi be-software be-CAD / GIS:

• Ehlangothini lwe-ESRI, mhlawumbe ake sibone ukuthuthukiswa Emandleni ekwakhiweni kwe-CAD, ngithemba ukuthi akudingeki ukuthi usebenzise indlela yokusebenzisa ibhodi lokudweba futhi.
• Ngasohlangothini lwe-AutoDesk, yenza i-Civil 3D yenze iMephu ibukeke njengengxenye yobunjiniyela. Umbono obonakala ulungile kimi.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Bentley, khuthaza I-PowerMap ngakho-ke i-CAD enezindleko eziphansi inezinsiza ze-GIS, futhi mhlawumbe yenza kube lula ukuqaliswa ukukhishwa.
• Ngasohlangothini lwesoftware enamanani aphansi: Manifold, Tatuk GIS, Global Mapper, IntelliCAD, ukuthola indawo ngokwenza lokho igama lesoftware elingenalo.

Uma isofthiwe evulekile (eqhubekayo) iwela lesi sithinteli, siqinisekile ukuthi sonke sizobuka emuva lapho, hhayi kuphela isimo sezomnotho (esasibonile kakade), kodwa ngenxa yesisombululo sezinkinga ezivamile (esivele senza kanjalo) futhi ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kunomdlandla kunokuba i-piracy.

Ukuphelelwa ithemba, mhlawumbe; ukukhohlisa, impela. Nawe: Ubona kanjani?