ArcGIS-ESRIGeospatial - GIS

Izinganekwane ezi-5 namaqiniso ama-5 wokuhlanganiswa kwe-BIM - GIS

UChris Andrews ubhale isihloko esibalulekile ngesikhathi esithakazelisayo, lapho i-ESRI ne-AutoDesk befuna izindlela zokuletha ubulula be-GIS endwangu yokuklama elwela ukwenza i-BIM njengendinganiso yobunjiniyela, izakhiwo nezinqubo zokwakha. Nakuba lesi sihloko sithatha umbono walezi zinkampani ezimbili, siwumbono othakazelisayo, nakuba asihambisani namasu ezinye izikhulumi emakethe ezifana neTekla (Trimble), Geomedia (Hexagon) ne-Imodel. js (Bentley). Siyazi ukuthi ezinye zezikhundla ngaphambi kwe-BIM “ziyi-CAD eyenza i-GIS” noma “i-GIS evumelana ne-CAD”.

Umlando kancane…

Ngama-80s kanye nama-90s, ubuchwepheshe be-CAD ne-GIS bavela njengezindlela zokuncintisana zabachwepheshe abadinga ukusebenza ngolwazi lwendawo, olwalucutshungulwa ikakhulukazi ngephepha. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwesoftware namandla wehadiwe kukhawulela ububanzi bokuthi yini engenziwa ngobuchwepheshe obusizwa ngamakhompiyutha, kokubili ekubhaleni nasekuhlaziyweni kwemephu. I-CAD ne-GIS kubonakale kunezinhlobo ezigqagqene zamathuluzi wekhompyutha wokusebenza ngama-geometri nedatha ezokhiqiza imibhalo yamaphepha.

Njengoba i-software ne-hardware sezithuthuke kakhulu futhi zaba yinkimbinkimbi, siye sabona ukukhethekile kwabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obusizungezile, okuhlanganisa i-CAD ne-GIS, kanye nendlela eya kudijithali ngokugcwele (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi "idijithali"). Ubuchwepheshe be-CAD ekuqaleni bebugxile emisebenzini yokuzenzakalela kusuka kumdwebo owenziwe ngesandla. I-Building Information Modeling (BIM), inqubo yokuzuza ukusebenza kahle kangcono ngesikhathi sokuklama nokwakha, kancane kancane yaphusha amathuluzi omklamo we-BIM ne-CAD ekudaleni imidwebo futhi yabhekisa kumamodeli edijithali ahlakaniphile ezimpahla zomhlaba wangempela. . Amamodeli adalwe ezinqubweni zedizayini zesimanje ze-BIM ayinkimbinkimbi ngokwanele ukuba alingise ukwakhiwa, athole amaphutha kusenesikhathi eklanyweni, futhi enze izilinganiso ezinembe kakhulu—ngokwesibonelo ukuthobela ibhajethi kumaphrojekthi ashintshashintshayo, isibonelo.

I-GIS nayo yahlukanisa futhi yajulisa amandla ayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Manje, GIS Ungasingatha izinkulungwane zezigidi zabantu izenzakalo kusukela izinzwa siphile Imifanekiso kusuka petabytes imifanekiso 3D, nezithombe kusiphequluli noma iselula, nokuhlaziya wokuqagela, kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi escalations ku ISIZINDA amaningi zihlakazeke ukucutshungulwa ifu Ibalazwe, eyaqala ithuluzi kohlaziyo ephepheni, lutho iye yashintshwa yaba ideshibhodi noma isango zokuxhumana synthesize eziyinkimbinkimbi ihlaziya e unomzimba-interpretable.

Ukubona amandla egcwele komsebenzi ihlanganiswe phakathi BIM kanye GIS, izizinda ezibucayi ezifana Smart Imizi kwaba dijithali Engineering, kufanele sihlole indlela la emihlabeni emibili ungadlulela ngalé kwekhono le umkhakha futhi iphokophele komsebenzi ukuqedela ukukhishwa kwe-digitized, okuzosivumela ukuba sikhiphe ezinkampanini zephepha eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.

Inkolelo-ze: I-BIM nge ...

Emphakathini we-GIS, enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu engizibonayo nokuzwa yizincazelo ze-BIM ezisekelwe ekuqondeni kwangaphandle kwezwe le-BIM. Ngivame ukuzwa ukuthi i-BIM iwukuphatha, ukubuka, ukulinganisa i-3D noma ukuthi izakhiwo kuphela, isibonelo. Ngeshwa, ayikho enye yalezi ezisetshenziswayo yi-BIM, nakuba kungenzeka inikeze noma inike amandla amanye alawa makghono noma imisebenzi.

Empeleni, i-BIM inqubo yokonga isikhathi nemali, nokuthola imiphumela ethembeke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kanye nenqubo yokwakha. Imodeli ye-3D eyenziwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-BIM ingumphumela wesidingo sokuxhumanisa ukwakheka okuthile, ukuthwebula isakhiwo njengoba kunjalo, ukuhlola izindleko zokudiliza, noma ukuhlinzeka ngerekhodi elisemthethweni noma lesivumelwano lezinguquko kwimpahla ebonakalayo. . Ukubonwa ngamehlo kungaba yingxenye yenqubo, ngoba kusiza abantu baqonde amandla, izici, nobuhle bomklamo ohlongozwayo.

Njengoba ngafunda kudala e-Autodesk, i-'B 'ku-BIM imele u-'Yakha, isenzo' hhayi 'Ukwakha, ibizo'. Abakwa-Autodesk, uBentley nabanye abathengisi basebenze nezimboni ukufaka imibono yenqubo ye-BIM, ezizindeni ezinjengezitimela, imigwaqo emikhulu nemigwaqo emikhulu, izinsiza kanye nezokuxhumana ngocingo. Noma iyiphi i-ejensi noma inhlangano, ephatha nokwakha izimpahla ezingaguquki, inentshisekelo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi osonkontileka babo bokwakha nobunjiniyela basebenzisa izinqubo ze-BIM.

Idatha ye-BIM ingasetshenziswa ngokunamandla ekusebenzeni kokuphathwa kwempahla. Lokhu kuqashelwe, ngokwesibonelo, ku- new Amazinga we-ISO we-BIM, okwaziswe ngenqubo yokulinganisa imigomo yase-UK, esungulwe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Noma lezi ziphakamiso ezintsha zigxile ekusetshenzisweni kwedatha ye-BIM, kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila kwempahla, kusacacile ukuthi ukonga ezindlekweni zokwakha, njengoba kushiwo ku-athikili, kungukushayela okuyinhloko ukwamukelwa kwe-BIM.

Uma kubhekwa njengenqubo, ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-GIS ne-BIM kuba nzima kakhulu kunokufunda nje ihluzo nezimpawu ezivela kumodeli ye-3D nokuzibonisa ku-GIS. Ukuqonda kahle ukuthi imininingwane ingasetshenziswa kanjani ku-BIM naku-GIS, sihlala sithola ukuthi kufanele siwuqonde kabusha umqondo wethu wokwakha noma wendlela, futhi siqonde ukuthi amaklayenti adinga ukusebenzisa kanjani idatha enhlobonhlobo yedatha kumongo we-geospatial. Siphinde sathola ukuthi ukugxila kumodeli kwesinye isikhathi kusho ukuthi asikunaki ukugeleza kokusebenza okulula, okuyisisekelo okubaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke inqubo, njengokusebenzisa idatha eqoqwe ensimini ngokunemba esakhiweni, xhumanisa indawo nedatha eyimodeli yokuhlola, yokusungula nokuhlola.

Ekugcineni, sizofinyelela ukuqonda okufanayo kuphela kanye nemiphumela uma “seqa igebe” ukuze sisebenze ngamaqembu ahlangene angaletha ukuhlukahluka ekuxazululeni izinkinga. Yingakho sisebenza ne-Autodesk nabanye ozakwethu kulesi sikhala.
Ukubambisana phakathi kuka-Esri no-Autodesk, okwakushunyayelwa okokuqala ku-2017, bekuyisinyathelo esikhulu sokuhlanganisa ithimba lezinhlangano eziningi ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuhlanganiswa kwe-BIM-GIS.

Inganekwane: BIM inikeza ngokuzenzakalelayo izici ze-GIS

Omunye imiqondo enzima kunazo ukuwudlulisela umsebenzisi non-uchwepheshe BIM-GIS, siwukuthi nakuba imodeli BIM ibukeka ncamashi njenge bridge noma isakhiwo akubalwa abe nezici ezakha kwencazelo ibhilidi noma ibhuloho ngenhloso yangokwesiko noma ukuhlaziywa kwe-geospatial.
Kwa-Esri, sisebenza kokuhlangenwe nakho okusha kokuzulazula nokwakhiwa kwezinsiza, njenge-ArcGIS Indoors. Abasebenzisi abaningi balindele ukuthi ngomsebenzi wethu ngedatha ye-Autodesk Revit, singakhipha ngokuzenzakalela ama-geometri ajwayelekile njengamakamelo, izikhala, amapulani aphansi, isisekelo sokwakha, kanye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Okungcono kakhulu, singakhipha imesh yokuhamba ukuze sibone ukuthi umuntu angadabula kanjani isakhiwo.

Onke lawa ma-geometri angasiza kakhulu kuzicelo ze-GIS nasekuhambeni kokuphathwa kwempahla. Noma kunjalo, awekho kulawa ma-geometri adingekayo ukwakha ibhilidi futhi ngokuvamile awekho kumodeli ye-Revit.
Sihlola ubuchwepheshe bokubala lama geometri, kepha amanye anikela ngezinselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zocwaningo nokuhamba komsebenzi okuye kwalimaza imboni iminyaka. Kuyini okungangenwa ngamanzi? Kuyini ukugoqa kwesakhiwo? Ingabe ihlanganisa isisekelo? Kuthiwani ngamabhalkhoni? Uyini umkhondo wesakhiwo? Ingabe ifaka ama-overhangs? Noma kumane kuyimpambanandlela yesakhiwo nomhlabathi?

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amamodeli we-BIM aqukethe imisebenzi edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-GIS, opharetha abanikazi kuzodingeka bachaze imininingwane yalolo lwazi ngaphambi kokuqamba nokwakhiwa. Ngokufana nokugeleza kokugeleza kokusebenza kwe-CAD-GIS yakudala, lapho idatha ye-CAD iqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokuguqulwa ibe yi-GIS, inqubo ye-BIM nedatha eholelwayo kufanele icacise futhi ifake izici ezizosetshenziswa ngesikhathi se- ukuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo wesakhiwo, uma lokho kuyinjongo yokwakha idatha ye-BIM.

Kunezinhlangano emhlabeni wonke, ohulumeni kanye nabaqhubi bezikhungo ezilawulwayo noma amasistimu wempahla, aseqalile ukudinga izici zokuphila kanye nezimfanelo okufanele zifakwe kokuqukethwe kwe-BIM. E-US, i-Government Services Administration icindezela ukwakhiwa okusha ngezidingo ze-BIM futhi ama-ejensi afana ne-Veterans Administration enze ibanga elide ukuze anikeze imininingwane ngezinto ze-BIM, ezinjengamakamelo nezikhala, ezizosiza ukuphathwa kwezinsiza ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Sithole ukuthi izikhumulo zezindiza, ezinjengeDenver, iHouston, neNashville, zilawula ngokuqinile idatha yazo ye-BIM futhi kaningi zinemininingwane engaguquguquki. Ngibonile izingxoxo ezinhle ezivela eSNCF AREP ezakhe uhlelo oluphelele lwe-BIM lweziteshi zezitimela, ngokususelwa kumqondo wokuthi idatha ye-BIM izosetshenziswa ekusebenzeni nasekuhambeni kokuphathwa kwempahla. Ngiyethemba ukubona okuningi kwalokhu ngokuzayo.

Idatha eyabiwe nathi evela eGeorge HW Bush Houston International Airport (ekhonjiswe lapha kuWeb AppBuilder) ikhombisa ukuthi uma idatha ye-BIM yenziwe yafana, imvamisa ngokudweba amathuluzi wokuqinisekisa, khona-ke ingafakwa ngokuhlelekile kwi-GIS. . Imvamisa sibona imininingwane yokwakha kumamodeli we-BIM ngaphambi kokubuka imininingwane ehlobene ne-FM

Inganekwane: kukhona ifomethi yefayela enganikeza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-BIM-GIS

Ekuhambeni komsebenzi kokuhlanganiswa kwamabhizinisi okudala, itafula elilodwa noma ifomethi ingahle ibalazwe kwelinye ithebula noma ifomethi, ukuvumela ngokuthembekile ukudluliswa kolwazi phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene. Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, leli phethini liya ngokuya ngokwanele ukubhekana nezidingo ze tUkuhamba kolwazi kwekhulu le-21:

  • Ulwazi olulondolozwe kumafayela kunzima ukudlulisa
  • Ukwabiwa kwedatha ngezizinda eziyinkimbinkimbi kunamaphutha
  • Ukwaziswa kwedatha kubonisa ukuphindaphindiwe okuphelele kokuqukethwe kuzinhlelo
  • Ukumakwa kwedatha kuvame ukungahambisani nendawo
  • Ubuchwepheshe, ukuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza yomsebenzisi iyashintsha ngokushesha kangangokuthi kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ukuxhumana kwamanje kuzoba ngaphansi kwalokho okuzokwenzeka kusasa

Ukuze kuzuzwe ibhadalele kweqiniso, ukumelwa digital yefa, kufanele zitholakale kalula endaweni basakaza ezingaba olwesimanje futhi olusha ukuze ivumelane kokuthintana, ukuhlaziywa kanye ukuhlolwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eduze ukuphila okuwusizo kwefa.

Imodeli eyodwa yedatha ayikwazi ukuhlanganisa yonke into engahlanganiswa ne-BIM ne-GIS kuzimboni ezahlukahlukene kakhulu nezidingo zamakhasimende, ngakho-ke ayikho ifomethi eyodwa engabamba yonke le nqubo ngendlela yokuthi ingafinyelelwa ngokushesha futhi iqondise kabili. Ngilindele ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa buqhubeke nokuvuthwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba i-BIM iba nokunotha kokuqukethwe kakhulu futhi kunesidingo sokusebenzisa idatha ye-BIM kumongo we-GIS wokuphathwa kwempahla, kuzoba nzima kakhulu. ngokuhlala kwabantu okusimeme.

Inhloso yokuhlanganiswa kwe-BIM-GIS ukunika amandla ukugeleza komsebenzi ukudala nokuphatha izimpahla. Akukho ukudluliswa okungaqondakali, okuchazwe kahle phakathi kwalokhu kugeleza kokusebenza okubili.

Inganekwane: Awukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuqondile okuqukethwe kwe-BIM ku-GIS

Ngokuphikisana nengxoxo yokuthi ungazithola kanjani izici ze-GIS kudatha ye-BIM, sivame ukuzwa ukuthi akunangqondo futhi akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ngqo okuqukethwe kwe-BIM ku-GIS ngezizathu ezisukela ekuxakekeni kwe-semantic, ukuminyana kwempahla, kuya isikali sempahla. Ingxoxo ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-BIM-GIS imvamisa iqondiswe kumafomethi wefayela naku-Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) workflows.

Eqinisweni, sesivele sisebenzisa ngqo okuqukethwe kwe-BIM ku-GIS. Ngehlobo eledlule, sethule ikhono lokufunda ngqo ifayili le-Revit ku-ArcGIS Pro. Ngaleso sikhathi, imodeli ingaxhumana ne-ArcGIS Pro sengathi yenziwe ngezici ze-GIS bese iguqulwa yenziwa amanye amafomethi we-GIS ajwayelekile ngomzamo wezandla, uma uyafisa. Nge-ArcGIS Pro 2.3, sikhipha ikhono lokushicilela uhlobo olusha lwesendlalelo, ingqimba yesakhiwo sokwakhiwa , evumela umsebenzisi ukuthi afake phakathi ama-semantics, i-geometry, nemininingwane yesici semodeli ye-Revit ngefomethi esabekayo kakhulu eyakhelwe umuzwa we-GIS. Isendlalelo sesakhiwo sokwakha, esizochazwa kusimo esivulekile se-I3S, sizwakala njengesimodeli seReit kumsebenzisi futhi sivumela ukuxhumana kusetshenziswa amathuluzi nemikhuba ejwayelekile ye-GIS.

Kuyangijabulisa ukuthola ukuthi ngenxa yokutholakala komkhawulokudonsa omningi, isitoreji eshibhile, nokucubungula okushibhile, sisuka ku-'ETL 'siye' ELT 'noma ukuhamba komsebenzi. Kule modeli, idatha ilayishwa kunoma yiluphi uhlelo oluyidingayo ngendlela yayo yendabuko bese ingatholakalela ukuhumushelwa kusistimu ekude noma kugcinwa kwedatha lapho kuzokwenziwa khona ukuhlaziywa. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuncika ekusebenzeni komthombo, futhi kugcina okuqukethwe koqobo kunguquko engcono noma ejulile njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka. Sisebenza ku-ELT e-Esri futhi kubonakala sengathi sesifikile enanini eliphambili lolu shintsho ngenkathi ngibhekisa 'ekususeni u-E no-T ku-ETL' engqungqutheleni yangonyaka owedlule. I-ELT yenza ingxoxo iguquke ngokuphelele kusuka esimweni lapho umsebenzisi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi axhunywe ngaphandle kwesipiliyoni se-GIS ukusesha noma ukubuza yonke imodeli. Lapho ulayisha ngqo idatha kuphethini ye-ELT,

Inganekwane: I-GIS yindawo ephelele yokuthola imininingwane ye-BIM

Nginamagama amabili: “irekhodi lezomthetho”. Imibhalo ye-BIM ivamise ukuba irekhodi elisemthethweni lezinqumo zebhizinisi nolwazi lokuhambisana, okurekhodwe ukuze kuhlaziywe amaphutha ekwakhiweni namacala, ukuhlolwa kwentela kanye nekhodi, futhi njengobufakazi bokulethwa. Ezimweni eziningi, abaklami bezakhiwo nonjiniyela kufanele bagxivize noma baqinisekise ukuthi umsebenzi wabo uvumelekile futhi uhlangabezana nezimfuneko zobuchwepheshe babo nemithetho esebenzayo noma amakhodi.

Ngesinye isikhathi, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-GIS ingaba uhlelo lokuqoshwa kwamamodeli we-BIM, kepha ngalesi sikhathi, ngicabanga ukuthi sekusele iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka, aqiniswe yizinhlelo zezomthetho ezisenguhumusha lwekhompyutha lwezinqubo zamaphepha. Sifuna ukugeleza komsebenzi, ukuxhumanisa izimpahla ku-GIS nezimpahla ezisezinqolobaneni ze-BIM, ukuze amaklayenti asebenzise ngokunenzuzo ukulawula inguqulo nemibhalo edingekayo emhlabeni we-BIM kanye nekhono lemephu, ukubeka imininingwane yefa endaweni umongo ocebile wendawo wokuhlaziya nokuqonda nokuxhumana.

Ngokufanayo nengxenye “yezici ze-GIS” yengxoxo, ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi kuzo zonke izinqolobane ze-BIM ne-GIS kuzosizwa kakhulu amamodeli olwazi amisiwe ku-GIS naku-BIM, okuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuxhumanisa ulwazi ngokuthembekile phakathi kwezizinda ezimbili. Lokho akusho ukuthi kuzoba nemodeli yolwazi olulodwa, ukuthwebula kokubili ulwazi lwe-GIS ne-BIM. Kunomehluko omningi kakhulu endleleni idatha okufanele isetshenziswe ngayo. Kodwa sidinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi sakha ubuchwepheshe obuvumelana nezimo namazinga angamela ukusetshenziswa kwedatha kuzo zombili izinkundla ngokwethembeka okuphezulu nokulondolozwa kokuqukethwe kwedatha.

IYunivesithi yaseKentucky ibingenye yamakhasimende okuqala ukusinika ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe kwabo kweRevit. I-UKy isebenzisa ukuqiniswa komdwebo oqinile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi idatha eyiyo ikumininingwane ye-BIM ukusekela umjikelezo wokuphila ophelele i-O & M.

Isifingqo

Izinguquko kumandla wehardware nesoftware, kanye nokuthuthela emphakathini owenziwe ngedijithali, oqhutshwa yidatha kudala amathuba okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene nezizinda ezingakaze zibe khona ngaphambili. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha nokuhamba komsebenzi ngokusebenzisa i-GIS ne-BIM, kusivumela ukuthi sifeze ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukusimama kanye nokuhlala emadolobheni, izikhungo kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ezisizungezile.

Ukuze sizuze entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe, sidinga ukudala amaqembu ahlanganisiwe nobambiswano ukuze siphakamise izisombululo zezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithinta wonke amasistimu, hhayi ukugeleza komsebenzi okungaguquki, okungashintshi. Kufanele futhi sishintshele emaphethini amasha obuchwepheshe, angabhekana nezindaba zokuhlanganisa ngokuqinile nangokuvumelana nezimo. Amaphethini wokuhlanganisa we-GIS kanye ne-BIM esiwasebenzisayo namuhla kufanele “afakazelwe ngekusasa” ukuze sisebenzisane ekufezeni ikusasa elisimeme.

 

 

Golgi Alvarez

Umbhali, umcwaningi, uchwepheshe wamamodeli wokuphathwa komhlaba. Ubambe iqhaza ekucabangeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamamodeli afana nalawa: Isistimu Kazwelonke Yokulawulwa Kwezakhiwo i-SINAP e-Honduras, Imodeli Yokuphatha Yomasipala Abahlangene e-Honduras, Imodeli Edidiyelwe Yokuphathwa Kwe-Cadastre - Registry e-Nicaragua, Uhlelo Lokuphatha lwe-Territory SAT e-Colombia. . Umhleli webhulogi yolwazi lwe-Geofumadas kusukela ngo-2007 futhi umdali we-AulaGEO Academy ehlanganisa izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ngezihloko ze-GIS - CAD - BIM - Digital Twins.

Izihloko ezihlobene Nalesi

One Amazwana

  1. Sawubona, ekuseni ekuseni kusuka eSpain.
    Ukucabanga okuthakazelisayo.
    Uma kukhona okucacile kimi, kungukuthi ikusasa elijabulisayo elilindele, indlela egcwele izinselele namathuba, ngaphakathi kweGeomatics, lapho kuzoba khona ikusasa elikwazi ukuhamba ngaphakathi emisha, ikhwalithi nokubambisana.

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